1. https://docs.google.com/a/ballardbombers.org/document/d/1AD6jIWk9oTPok0NL_o49M2NNiRj7O0yVYH0xp3nJUjo/edit
2. 3.) Emotional and Psychological Issues- The presence of a psychiatric illness increases the risk that an adolescent will abuse drugs. Some of the kids use substances to self-medicate using substances to find emotional and psychological escape from the painful symptoms of a mental disorder. Depression is a feeling of sadness and emptiness also loss of interest in activities, which young people who are depressed may tend to turn to drugs, alcohol, cigarettes in attempt to ease their emotional pain, and substance abuse in adolescents increases the risk of suicide.
3. What are the common factors leading to teenage substance abuse disorder? And what is being done or can be done with this information?
3.1. Perspective 1: Boyd, J.Lucy. “Factors That Influence Teenagers to Substance Abuse.” Livestrong.com. Demand Media, Inc, 03 May 2011. Web. 07 Nov. 2014 . <http://www.livestrong.com/article/90399-factors-influence-teenagers-substance-abuse/>.
3.1.1. ABCD: obtained her BSN degree,summa cum laude, in 2000. Has written several medical books including "Your Mental Health Questions Answered and "101 Ways to Score Higher on Your NCLEX." Last Updated: May 03, 2011 by J. Lucy Boyd
3.1.1.1. 1.) Peer Pressure- Peers have a large influence on drug abusing behavior. Majority of the teens tend to use drugs because of trying to impress others. The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign advice's that best ways for teens to avoid into peer pressure is to be prepared for the future by practicing role plays situations involving drugs or any illegal substance.
3.1.1.1.1. Answer 1_Synthesize- Peer pressure ,genetics and emotional are some of the common factors that lead to teenage substance abuse disorder. Genetics have a tendency to run in the family and also have been show to make an additional part to addiction to teenage substance abuse. Peer pressure have a large impact on substance abuse, majority of the time it effects teens because of trying to impress, or look good. From genetics to peer pressure and now emotional which teens just like some adults often tend to reach for substance to release some of the stress that they might be going through.
3.1.1.2. 2.) Genetics: According to the National Institute they believe that genetic predisposition to drug abuse exist, may have to do with the brain. A chemical called dopamine and a persons genecontolled reationshit with it. A teen may try a hallucinogen one time, a teen genetically predisposed to have addiction problems may desire to it again and again as they naturally derive more pleasure from dopamine or have a deficit of it to begin with.
3.1.1.3. 3.) Emotional- Teens just like some adults often reach for substances as an attempt to relieve stress. Child abuse, past or current can also lead to levels of stress that triggers some teens to abuse drugs.
3.2. Perspective 2- Keegan, Kyle, and Howard Moss. Chasing the High: A Firsthand Account of One Young Person's Experience with Substance Abuse. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. Print. Adolescent Mental Health Initiative.
3.2.1. 1.) ABCD: Kyle Keegan is a professional diver. He lives in N.Y with his wife and daughters. Howard B. Moss, M.D., is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at the George Washington University School of Medicine in Washington, DC, and Associate Director for Clinical and Transnational Research at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Bethesda, Maryland. He has conducted extensive research on child and adolescent risk factors for addiction.
3.2.1.1. 2.) Social Relationships and environment: It has been proven that young men often provide their male friends with the means and social pressure that eventually lead them to engage in substance abuse. (male) Girls who have an older boyfriend or adult are more likely to try drugs and alcohol at an early age. (females). Kids who are also more engaged with there parents reduces risk to substance abuse.
3.2.1.2. 3.) Emotional and Psychological Issues- The presence of a psychiatric illness increases the risk that an adolescent will abuse drugs. Some of the kids use substances to self-medicate using substances to find emotional and psychological escape from the painful symptoms of a mental disorder. Depression is a feeling of sadness and emptiness also loss of interest in activities, which young people who are depressed may tend to turn to drugs, alcohol, cigarettes in attempt to ease their emotional pain, and substance abuse in adolescents increases the risk of suicide.
4. In what ways do drugs work in the brain and to produce pleasure? And what harm do drugs cause?
4.1. Perspective 1- Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction.http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-abuse-addiction
4.1.1. 1.) To feel good- Most of the drugs produce intense feelings of pleasure. The initial sensation of euphoria is followed by other effects which are different depending on the drug being used, for Example cocaine, the high is followed by feeling of power, self-confidence, and increased energy. Rives versa with euphoria caused by opiates such as heroin is followed by feelings of relaxation and satisfaction.
4.1.1.1. Answer 2_ Synthesize- To feel good, To feel Better, and To do better are all parts of the factors that impact the brain on how any substance that is taken, regardless of how it is consumed. Two main types of pleasures would be for example cocaine which is high that is followed by feeling of power and self confident, vise-versa with heroin which is followed by the feeling of relaxation and satisfaction. As people consume this substances they don't realized that in there brain there is a memory of the desired effect and the need to recreate the wanting of the drug being consumed, effecting the normal machinery of motivation.
4.1.1.2. 1.) Genetics- Some people are generally more vulnerable to addiction than others. A persons genes affect his or her vulnerability to addiction. Genetic has a tendency to run in the family. Cross- Adoption has been research that children born with to alcoholic parents bit who were adopted at birth and raised by non-alcoholic adoptive parents were still four times more likely to develop alcoholism than were their non-adopted, non biological siblings. DNA plays a key role in addiction but it dosent mean if a persons is predisposed toward addiction that he or she will definitely become addicted.
4.1.2. 2.) To feel better- Some People who suffer from anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depression begin abusing drugs in an attempt to lessen feelings of distress. stress can play a major role in the beginning of drug use, continuing drug use and also relapse in patients recovering from addiction.
4.1.3. 3.) To do better- People feel pressure to chemically enhance or improve their cognitive or athletic performance, which play a role in initial experimentation and continued abuse of drugs such as prescription a stimulants or anabolic or androgenic steroids
4.2. Perspective 2- HELPGUID.ORG, Understanding Addiction http://www.helpguide.org/harvard/how-addiction-hijacks-the-brain.htm
4.2.1. 1.) The Brain- All pleasures in the same way, whether they originate with a psychoactive drug, a monetary reward, a sexual encounter, or a satisfying meal. In the brain pleasure has a distinct signature, release of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, a cluster of nerve cells lying underneath the cerebral cortex. Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbensis so consistently tied with pleasure that neuroscientists refer to the region as the brains pleasure center.
4.2.1.1. -The pleasure associated with an addictive drug or behavior subsides- and yet the memory of the desired effect and the need to recreate it (the wanting ) persists. Its as though the normal machinery of motivation is no longer function
4.2.2. 2.) Drugs in the Brain- All the drugs of abuse cause a particularly powerful surge of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Use of a drug or participation in a rewarding activity will lead to addiction is directly linked to the speed with which it promotes dopamine release, the intensity of that release, and the reliability of that release.
4.2.2.1. -The hippocampus and the amygdala store information about environmental cues associated with the desired substance, so that it can be located again. these memories help create a conditioned response-intense craving-whenever the person encounters those environmental cues.
4.2.3. 3.) Development of Tolerance- Over time the brain adapts In a way that actually makes the sought-after substance or activity less pleasureable. Addictive drugs and behaviors provide a shortcut, flooding the brain with dopamine and other neurotransmitters. Addictive drugs can release two to 10 times the amount of dopamine that natural rewards do. An addicts brain receptors become overwhelmed. People who develop an addiction typically find that, in time the desired substance no longer gives them as much pleasure, therefore they have to take more of it to obtain the same dopamine high because their brain have adapted, an effect know as tolerance.
5. When does a young adult need intervention? and what institution would they be going to?
5.1. Perspective one 1- Joyce Sundin, is an intervention consultant in seattle washington, has been training and facilitating interventions since 1979. http://www.interventionhelp.com/index.html
5.1.1. Denial- It is one of the major symptoms of chemical dependency. It is simply an inability of the afflicted one to recognized his or her condition. Most people if they cannot perceive that the primary problem is his using chemicals to cope with his using chemicals, it is unlikely that he or she will give them up. People normally tend to use chemicals to cope with his or her problems and to alleviate stress which in fact it the problem could be cause by the chemical usages.
5.1.1.1. Answer 3- Interventions are proven to be a structured method of getting the persons concerned. There mission is to break through a persons denial and lead them back to reality and readily agree to treatment. The Proper facilitated intervention is a loving, gentle, and respectful process.
5.1.2. Delusional- A person who does not know that he or she is deluded. If he or she does not get insight into his condition, his reality is distorted, the only way for him or her to come back to reality is to overwhelm the denial with reality to show them a way so they can be able to receive.
5.2. Perspective 2-Perspective 2- Chasing the High by Kyle Keegan with Howard B. Moss, M.D.
5.2.1. Denial- People all around him or her tend to feel sorry for them wanting to help and give then advises to help them out with the struggles that they are going through but instead of receiving help they go back into denial and start to abuse the drugs that makes them feel good.