1. can refer to realism of subject, or realism in technique, or both
2. Rococo 18th century
2.1. derived from garden term-Rocaille: rocks and pebbles in garden design
2.2. origins in France-anticipation from Louis XIV's death
2.3. lighter, softer, more pastel color in the style in general
2.4. Germain Boffrand
2.4.1. Salon de la Princesse, with painting by Natoire and sculpture by Lemoine, Hotel de Soubise, Paris, France, 1737-1740
2.5. Francois de Cuvillies
2.5.1. Amalianburg Palaces
2.5.1.1. Nymphenburg, Munich, 1734-1739
2.6. Antoine Watteu
2.6.1. "Return from Cythera" 1717-1719
2.6.1.1. fete galante
2.7. Franois Boucher
2.7.1. "Cupid a Captive" 1754
2.7.1.1. Madame de Pompadour
2.8. Jean Honore Fragonard
2.8.1. "The Swing" 1766
2.9. William Hogarth
2.9.1. "Breakfast Scene", from Marriage a la Mode, ca. 1745
2.9.1.1. mocked the rococo style
3. Realism 1850-1910
3.1. Gustave Courbet
3.1.1. "The Stone Breakers", 1849
3.1.1.1. positivism- through knowledge of how you percieve the world
3.1.1.2. Auguste Comte
3.1.1.3. Revolution of 1848
3.1.1.4. (does not represent the gold rush. they are just breaking rocks for work.
3.1.2. "Burial at Ornans", 1849
3.1.2.1. not very dramatic
3.1.2.2. death is a hole in the ground
3.1.2.3. for most people there, it is just routine
3.1.2.4. empty grave hole is in the bottom center
3.2. Jean Francois Millet
3.2.1. "The Gleaners", 1857
3.2.1.1. Barbizon school
3.3. Daumier
3.3.1. "The Past, the Present, and the Future", 1834
3.3.1.1. political cartoon
3.3.1.2. government was not a fan of him/his work
3.3.2. "Rue Transnonain", 1834
3.3.2.1. lithograph
3.3.2.2. the king had all copies destroyed
3.3.2.3. shows aftermath of a government raid
3.3.3. "The Third Class Carriage", 1862
3.3.3.1. railway carriage
3.4. John Everett Millais
3.4.1. "Ophelia", 1852
3.4.1.1. pre-raphaelite brotherhood
3.4.1.1.1. emphasis on theoretical or literary contexts
3.4.1.1.2. nature should be source of art
3.4.1.2. Elizabeth Siddal
3.4.1.3. 3 different versions of Ophelia were in the same show. his was different though, emphasis on nature along with Ophelia. the plant life was not idealized, was reproduced from a real scene as precisely as posible
3.5. Charles Locke Eastlake
3.5.1. "The Escape of Francis Novello"
3.5.1.1. same time period as Millais, but much different in style
3.6. Winslow Homer
3.6.1. "The Veteran in a New Field", 1865
3.7. Jean-Leon Gerome
3.7.1. "The Turkish Bath"
3.8. Thomas Eakins
3.8.1. "The Gross Clinic", 1875
3.8.1.1. Jefferson Medical College
3.8.1.2. Centennial Exposition
3.8.1.3. "too graphic" to be included in an art gallery. put in a room displaying medical supplies
3.9. John Singer Seargent
3.9.1. "The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit", 1882
3.10. Henry Ossawa Tanner
3.10.1. "The Thankful Poor", 1894
4. Manet, Impressionism, and Aesthetisism mid to late 19th century
4.1. Baron Georges Hausmann
4.1.1. redesigned much of Paris
4.2. Haussmannization
4.3. Charles Marville
4.3.1. Photographed some of the changes in Paris
4.4. J.L Charles Garnier
4.4.1. The Opera, Paris France, 1861-1874
4.4.1.1. Beaux Arts
4.4.1.2. Inspired by studies of the Louvre
4.4.1.3. building itself has different rooflines, to distinguish between sections
4.5. Edouard Manet
4.5.1. Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe (luncheon on the grass) 1863
4.5.1.1. Charles Baudelaire
4.5.1.2. Salon des Refuses (Reject Salon
4.5.1.3. flaneur (men of leisure, upper class)
4.5.1.4. Victorine Meurend
4.5.1.5. "real" looking women and men, unlike a painting by Titian (allegorical
4.5.2. "Olympia", 1863
4.5.2.1. very controversial to critics
4.5.2.2. description submitted with painting is a very poetic analysis
4.5.2.3. not very socially acceptable
4.6. Impressionism
4.6.1. Renoir and Monet
4.6.1.1. La Grenouillere, Argenteuil, 1869
4.6.1.1.1. plein aire-outdoors
4.6.2. Claude Monet
4.6.2.1. "Impression: Sunrise", 1872
4.6.2.1.1. Le Havre
4.6.2.2. "Saint-Lazare Train Station", 1877
4.6.2.3. "Roven Cathedral: The Portal (in Sun)", 1894
4.6.3. Gustave Caillebotte
4.6.3.1. "Paris: A Rainy Day", 1877
4.6.4. Edgar Degas
4.6.4.1. "Ballet Rehearsal", 1874
4.6.5. Edward Manet
4.6.5.1. "A Bar at the Folies-Bergere", 1882
4.6.5.1.1. cafe-concert
4.6.6. James Abbott McNeill Whistler
4.6.6.1. Nocturne in Black and Gold (The Falling Rocket)", 1875
4.6.6.1.1. Aesthetic Movement
4.7. Aestheticism
4.7.1. Frederic, Lord Leighton
4.7.1.1. "Flaming June", 1895
4.7.2. Sir Lawrence Alma Ta
4.8. Post Impressionism
4.8.1. Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec
4.8.1.1. "At the Moulin Rouge", 1892-1895
4.8.2. Georges Seurat
4.8.2.1. "A Sunday on La Grande Jatte", 1884-1886
4.8.2.1.1. pointilism
4.8.3. Vincent Van Gogh
4.8.3.1. "Potato Eaters", 1885
4.8.3.2. "Boulevard de Clichy", 1887
4.8.3.3. "The Night Cafe", 1888
4.8.3.3.1. absinthe
4.8.3.4. "Starry Night", 1889
4.8.3.4.1. Saint-Paule-de-Mausole
5. impressionists focus on light and color
6. Portraiture early-mid 1600's
6.1. a series was made to fill the Luxembourg Palace
6.1.1. Peter Paul Rubens
6.1.1.1. "Arrival of Marie de Medici at Marseilles", 1622-1625
6.1.2. "Henry IV Receives Marie's Portrait"
6.1.2.1. not realistic to life
6.1.3. "Apotheosis of Henry IV and Assumption of the Regency"
6.2. Anthony Van Dyck
6.2.1. Charles I Dismounted, ca. 1635
6.3. Frans Hals
6.3.1. "Archers of Saint Hadrian", ca. 1633
6.3.2. specialized in group portraits
6.3.3. Civic Militia Group
6.3.4. "The Women Regents of the Old Men's Home at Haarlem", 1664
6.3.4.1. Calvinist-members of strict protestant group
6.3.5. "Regents of the Old Men's Home"
6.4. Rembrandt Van Rijn
6.4.1. "The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch)", 1642
6.4.1.1. civic militia
6.4.2. "Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp", 1632
6.4.2.1. very fictionalized
6.4.3. Self Portrait
6.4.3.1. several of them-over 50
7. Romanticism late 18th-mid 19th century
7.1. Henry Fuseli
7.1.1. "The Nightmare", 1781
7.1.1.1. Edmund Burke
7.1.1.2. The Sublime
7.1.1.2.1. things that inspire fear or terror in us, penetrating the body through the eyes
7.2. William Blake
7.2.1. "Ancient of Days" frontispiece of "Europe: A Prophecy", 1794
7.3. Francisco Goya
7.3.1. "The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters" from Los Caprichos, ca. 1798
7.3.2. "The Family of Charles IV", 1800
7.3.3. "The Third of May 1808", 1814
7.4. Antoine-Jean Gros
7.4.1. "Napoleon at the Pesthouse of Jaffa", 1804
7.4.1.1. at what was basically a hospital
7.5. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
7.5.1. "Grande Odalisque", 1814
7.5.1.1. orientalism
7.5.1.2. Harem
7.6. Raphael
7.6.1. "La Fornarina" 1518-1519
7.7. Theodore Gericault
7.7.1. "Raft of the Medusa" 1818-1819
7.7.1.1. very large painting
7.8. Eugene Delacroix
7.8.1. "Death of Sardanapalus", 1826
7.8.2. "Liberty Leading the People", 1830
7.8.2.1. July Revolution
7.8.2.2. Louis-Philippe
7.8.2.3. wearing a Phrygian hat-symbol of freedom
7.9. Caspar David Friedrich
7.9.1. "Abbey in the Oak Forest", 1810
7.9.1.1. sublime- cemetery, dead trees, abandoned Abbey
7.10. John Constable
7.10.1. "The Haywain", 1821
7.10.1.1. Picturesque
7.10.1.2. stour
7.11. Joseph Mallord William Turner
7.11.1. "The Slave Ship (Slaves Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On)", 1840
7.11.1.1. sublime as it relates to nature
7.11.1.2. referring to actual events
7.11.1.3. very bright colors, and very dark colors
7.12. Albert Bierstadt
7.12.1. "Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California", 1868
7.12.1.1. he attended Hudson River School
7.12.1.2. Manifest Destiny
7.12.1.3. Painting of Yosemite Valley
8. Photography 1830's to now
8.1. Daguerrotypes
8.1.1. "Landscape Near Troyes", Alexandre Clausel, 1855
8.1.2. "Unknown Bride", Albert Sands Southworth and Josiah Johnson Howes, 1855
8.1.3. Louis Daguerre
8.1.4. Joseph Nicephore Niepce
8.1.5. silver iodine and sodium thiosulfate
8.2. Calotypes
8.2.1. "Redding the Line" (Portrait of James Linton), Hill and Adamson, 1851
8.2.2. Wliliam Henry Fox-Talbot
8.2.3. hyposulfate of soda
8.3. Oscar Rejlander
8.3.1. "The Two Ways of Life", 1857
8.3.1.1. photomontage
8.4. Louis-Jacques_Mande Daguerre
8.4.1. "Still Life in Studio", 1837
8.4.1.1. daguerrotype
8.5. Eugene Durieu and Eugene Delacroix
8.5.1. "Draped Model (back view)", 1854
8.5.1.1. Albumen Print
8.5.1.2. wet collodion process
8.6. Nadar
8.6.1. "Aerial Photo of Paris" 1858
8.6.1.1. Sarah Bernhardt
8.6.1.2. Eugene Delacroix, 1855
8.7. Henri Le Secq
8.7.1. "Reims Cathedral", 1851
8.7.1.1. calotype
8.8. Francis Frith
8.8.1. "Approach to Philae", 1858
8.8.1.1. albumen print
8.9. Timothy O'Sullivan
8.9.1. A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg Pennsylvania, July 1863
8.10. Edward Muybridge
8.10.1. "Horse Galloping", 1878
8.10.1.1. callotype print
8.10.1.2. "Animal Locomotion", 1887
8.10.1.3. zoopraxiscope
8.11. Julia Margaret Cameron
8.11.1. "Ophelia", Study no. 2, 1867
8.11.1.1. albumen print
8.12. Gertrude Kasebier
8.12.1. "Blessed Art Thou Among Women", 1899
8.12.1.1. platinum print on Japanese tissue
8.12.1.2. pictorialist
8.13. Alvin Langdon Coburn
8.13.1. "The Octopus", 1913
8.13.1.1. platinum print