Goldstein Chapters 4 and 5

1. Chapter 5 (State Terror, Gangs, and Everyday Violence in Rio de Janeiro)

1.1. Violent Crime

1.1.1. -worst in the poorest communities -favelas have reputation for harboring criminals -cycles of calm and violence

1.1.2. Drug-Trafficking

1.1.2.1. -favelas are seen as high-crime areas that are controlled by drug traffickers

1.1.2.2. Dimer

1.1.2.2.1. -"good bandit" -seen as normal aspects of community life -eventually murdered by members of his own gang

1.1.2.3. Ivo

1.1.2.3.1. -before Dilmer, one of the founding fathers of the favela -Lulu, a corrupt police officer, offered Ivo protection

1.1.2.4. Oppositional culture

1.1.2.4.1. -response to long-term oppression

1.1.2.5. Disdain for the police

1.1.2.5.1. - in favela - different in upper and middle class; immunity and impunity to those with status - violence is normalized, as well as corruption

1.1.2.6. Criminalization of the poor

1.1.2.6.1. - law belongs to the elite - the poor internalize these beliefs, causing confusion -the lack of alternatives lead to the paradoxical position of supporting violent police actions

1.1.2.6.2. Parallel states

1.1.2.7. Gangs

1.1.2.7.1. - in essence, gangs become more than just drug traffickers, they become protectors and judges

1.1.2.7.2. Religious conversion

1.1.2.8. "Police-Bandits"

1.1.2.8.1. -both gang-members and police brought the possibilty of violence -workers view the police as colluding with criminals

1.1.2.8.2. Revenge

1.1.2.9. Private Matters

1.1.2.9.1. -sexual abuse and violence are addressed within the system -gang memebers and police respond to sexual abuse, adultery, enforced gun-control for anyone who was not part of the gang, and retaliate for theft -populations in these areas are willing to accept any form of justice, as long as it is directed at the right person

1.1.2.10. Brown Zones

1.1.2.10.1. -local gangs provide alternative rule of law -lack of trustworthy police, minimum wage, decent employment, health-care

1.1.2.11. Stark difference in threat of violence in classes

1.1.2.11.1. -obviously, poorer neighborhoods much more violent -intentional homicides

1.2. Local Gangs led by "reasonable persons"

1.2.1. -this would change the cycle if this person was killed -Dilmar -kept other gangs from invading, mediated relationships with police -middle-class and elite drug consumption fuel gang activity

1.2.2. Seduction

1.2.2.1. -offer young men the promise of belonging and decent "wages"

1.2.3. For middle and upper classes, some semblance of law exists

1.2.3.1. -not always reliable -blue zones-high degree of state presence, functioning legal system -green zones- high degree of territorial penetration and lower state functioning -brown zones-very low state functioning, state is unable to enforce its legality

1.2.4. working class are most often the victims of police violence

2. Chapter 4(No Time for Childhood)

2.1. Pedro Paulo

2.1.1. Children

2.1.1.1. City Walls

2.1.1.1.1. Street Children

2.1.1.1.2. -death squads exterminate -usually off-duty police -killed homeless children -ambivalance by upper class

2.1.1.2. -to protect the middle and upper classes from the perceived threat of growing violence in the street

2.1.2. -in many cases, the women in Gloria's network spend their time raising their employer's children, being forced to leave their own children with someone else -Gloria attributes his to the loss of Pedro to "the street" -Pedro was seduced by the idea that "successful " gang members built wealth and status for themselves

2.2. Gloria's son, killed due to drug-related activities thought that the job of the man was to put food on the table; if this is done, he may have as many women as he wants, hated abortion, double standard on fidelity