Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

1. Chemical

1.1. Chemical modifications to the histones and DNA influence chromatin and gene expression

1.1.1. Histone acetylation: acetyl groups are attached to lysines in histone tails

1.1.1.1. Transcription affected and chromatin configuration

1.1.2. DNA Methylation: a different set of enzymes can methylate certain bases in DNA itself

1.1.2.1. Along with histone deacetylation(removal of acetyl groups), it can repress transcription

2. Control Mechanisms

2.1. Transcriptional: prevent transcription

2.2. Posttranscriptional: control or regulate mRNA after it has been produced

2.3. Translational: prevent translation and often involve protein factors needed for translation

2.4. Posttranslational: act after the protein has been produced

3. Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

3.1. Protein Unfolded

3.2. Protein Foled

3.3. Ribosome

3.4. Transciption

4. Nucleus

4.1. Chromatin modification: DNA unpacking involving histone acetylation and DNA demethylation

4.2. Transcription

4.3. RNA Processing

4.4. Transport to Cyctoplam

5. Cytoplasm

5.1. Translation

5.2. Degradation of mRNA

5.3. Protein Processing, such as cleavage and chemical modification

5.4. Degradation of Protein

5.5. Transport to cellular destination