Cardiology Cardiovascular system is the study and treatment of heart and blood vascular problems.
1. Unit 6:- Patient Record
1.1. Patient record is generally found in hospital's administration department, diagnostic department, lab report, ICU department and consent form.
2. Unit 4t:- Risk Management
2.1. Code Blue:- It shows cardiac arrest or medical emergency for adult Code Pink:- It shows cardiac arrest or medical emergency for a child Code White:- It shows violent behaviour in the hospital Code Red:- It shows a fire in the hospital.
3. References:- Sebrina Felson MD (2021, November 02), Cardiology and type of disease reterived from WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/diseases-cardiovascular Kathy Katella (2022, January 28), Types of staff in the cardiology department reterived from Yale Medicine https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/10-types-of-cardiologists American Heart Association Staff(2020, January 15), types of medications reterived from heart.org https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack/cardiac-medications#cholesterol Dr Payal Kohli MD.(2021, July 20), treatment or surgery of the heart disease reterived from medicalnewstoday.com https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/237191
3.1. Mayoclinic organization, ( 2022, Jan 15), Blood test of heart from Mayoclinic.org (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease/art-20049357 ) Mayoclinic Organization, (2021, Feb 09) Diagnostic test from Mayoclinic.org (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353124 ) Unit-3 Direction of Care, Direction of care from Unit-3 PPT E-Conestoga https://conestoga.desire2learn.com/d2l/le/content/594802/viewContent/12550957/View Unit-4 Staffing and scheduling from Unit-4 PPT E-conestoga https://conestoga.desire2learn.com/d2l/le/content/594802/viewContent/12550977/View
4. Unit 5 Medication
4.1. Unit 5 Medication Anticoagulation:- Prevent clotting in the blood Apixaban (Eliquis) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) Antiplatelet:- Preventing blood platelet to stick together Aspirin Clopidogrel (Plavix) Dipyridamole (Persantine) ACE inhibitors:- It is mainly expand the blood vessels and lowering the level of Angiotension-II, which leads to blood flow smoothly. Benazepril (Lotensin) Captopril (Capoten) Enalapril (Vasotec) Beta blocker:- it is mainly used for lowering the heart rate. Acebutolol (Sectral) Atenolol (Tenormin) Betaxolol (Kerlone)
5. Name:- Parth Sheladiya ST ID:-8717074 Hospital Unit Administration ADMN 2270 & ADMN 2280 Module-7 Assignment & Hospital Department Overview
6. Two types of medication which are given by the physician to the patient after discharge:- Antiplatelet drug:- prevent the platelet from sticking together. Clopidogrel(Plavix) HMG CoA-esterase inhibitor:- It synthesis the cholesterol and does not allow the buildup of plaque in the blood. Rosuvastatin(Crestor)
7. Unit 7:- Admission, transfer and discharge
7.1. The patient can be admitted to the Direct, Emergency and Elective departments. The length of stay of the patient depends on the patient's situation. The patient's transfer is dependent on Bed Allocator and changes in the patient's condition. The physician decides the patient discharge, and it can be finally done by overall evaluation of the patient's condition.
8. Unit-4 Staffing & Scheduling(ADMN 2280)
8.1. Staff Pttern Cardiologist and General Physician:- Both the physician is mandatory to check the patient's overall evaluation, mainly the function of the heart. PSW( Personal support worker):- This staff is helpful to RN and RPN in giving complete care to the patient. RN( Register Nurse), NP(Nurse Practitioner), RPN(Register practice nurse):- This staff has the main role of giving treatment to the patient. They have to give medication, maintain a proper diet, take vital signs, wound dressing and many more. Physiotherapists:- They have to provide exercise for a cardiac patient who has done cardiac surgery. Pharmacists:- They dispense proper medicine to the patient according to their illness and physician's prescription.
8.1.1. Ratio of staff per patient 1 RPN= 1-2 Patient 1 RN= 1 Patient 1 RN= 2 Patient
8.1.1.1. Staff coverage requirement Cardiologist=24/7 General Physician=24/7 RN/RPN/NP=24/7 Pharmacist= Day shift(12 hours) PSW= 24/7 Physiotherapist= (12 hours)
9. Unit 1 Health Care Professionals
9.1. Consultants found in the department include:- General Adult Cardiologist, Cardiac imaging specialist, Electrophysiologist, Interventional Cardiologist, Heart Surgeons, General Physician, Heart Failure Specialist
9.2. Nursing staff and allied health care workers include:- Advance practice nurse and Registered nurse, who give proper treatment to patient. Cardiac rehabilitation staff.
10. Communication challanges :- Sometimes, if a patient's family does not know the actual code of their patient, they will not get accurate information about their own patient, and it might form some errors in communication.
11. Unit-2 Organization of Hospital Care Unit
11.1. Condition and Disease:- Congenital heart disease Aorta disease Coronary artery disease Pulmonary embolism Heart attack Heart failure
11.2. Department:- Inpatient
11.3. Treatment:-Medications Heart Valve surgery Pacemaker Coronary Angioplasty Coronary artery bypass graft surgery Cardiac catheterization
12. Unit-3 Communication
13. Unit-2 Diagnostic Order(ADMN 2280)
13.1. Lab test Cholesterol test:- It measures a fat level in the blood. It is measured by LDL(Low-density lipoprotein-bad cholesterol), HDL(High-density lipoprotein), Triglycerides and total cholesterol.
13.1.1. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein:- This C-reactive protein is secreted by the liver. However, if it is secreted in more amounts, then it causes swelling, and it leads to heart disease..
13.1.1.1. Plasma Ceramides:- This test is measured ceramic level in the body. This ceramic level is co-linked with the form of plaque in the blood and insulin resistance. Even it leads to atherosclerosis and type-2 diabetes.
13.1.1.1.1. Diagnostic tests Electrocardiogram(ECG):- It measures the electrical signal in the heart. Also, it checks the abnormal rhythm of the heart. Holter monitoring:- Holter monitor is one type of portable ECG device that you have to stick on the patient's chest. Moreover, if the normal ECG does not show an accurate result, you have to do this test to check heart rhythm. Echocardiogram:- It is mainly used to check the heart's valve function and how a small amount of blood it pumps per one beat. Stress test:- It measures the heart's function during exercise and under relaxed conditions. Cardiac Catheterization:-One of the blue dye is inserted into the body through a vein or an artery, and an x-ray machine checks the heart condition from the inner side.
14. Unit-3 Direction of Care(ADMN 2280)
15. Common iv/blood administration Oxygen level:- The nurse has to check the oxygen saturation level of patients admitted into the ICU who have done the heart surgery. PICC line(Peripherally inserted central catheter):- It is mainly inserted into the vein or an artery to supply the blue dye or other drugs to the heart. Also, it is placed onto the upper arm. Peripheral IV:- It is mainly used to give the solution base drug for getting fast effect in the patient.
15.1. GIT Order Catheter:- If the patient has done the cardiac surgery, then he or she has to take complete bed rest, and he or she does not allow to move. Thus, they need a two-way catheter or three-way catheter. Nasogastric tubes:- It is also used to remove solid, liquid and other substances from the stomach. Mainly used in endotracheal intubation conditions.
15.1.1. Consuting Order One consulting order is that patient needs regular check-ups of the vital signs and required diagnostic tests to check the function and condition of the heart.
16. Diet/Food Restriction NAS(Non added salt)food:- It is a restriction to take salty food for the cardiac disease patient . NPO:- It is a restriction to take any food and drink by mouth in pre-operation and post-operation surgery of the heart.
16.1. Common Activity BR(Bed Rest):- It is very important to take bed rest for the cardiac patient. CBR(Complete Bed Rest):- complete bed rest is mainly required for those patients who have done open heart surgery and have a critical condition.
16.1.1. Nursing Interventions Vital signs:- It is mandatory to check the patient's vital signs such as blood pressure, SPO2 level, heart rate, instant sugar level and blood pressure. Oxygen level:- The nurse has to check the oxygen saturation level of those who are admitted to the ICU and have done the surgery of the heart.