Orbital Welding

1. Head Type

1.1. Open Weld head

1.2. Close Weld head

1.3. Tube to Tubesheet Weld head

2. Weld defects

2.1. Due to Purging Gas

2.2. Due to Face prepration

2.2.1. Edge Preparation

2.2.2. Base Material Cut Failure

2.2.3. Oil & Grease on surface

2.2.4. Alignment Issue

3. Standards

3.1. ASME BPE

3.2. AWS D18.1

3.3. ISPE Guidelines

3.4. ASME Section IX