1. (A) Liability in respect of independent contractors
1.1. 1) Employer authorising commission of tort
1.2. 2) torts which dont require intentional/negligent conduct by tortfeasor
1.3. 3) negligence of employer
1.4. 4) non-delegable duties
2. (B) Non-liability of independent contractors
2.1. PHILLIPS v BRITANNIA HYGIENIC LAUNDRY CO
2.2. PADBURY v HOLIDAY & GREENWOOD LTD
2.3. PADBURY v HOLIDAY & GREENWOOD LTD
3. (C) Where third party is also an employee
3.1. PALANIAYEE v TOH WHYE TECK REALTY SDN BHD
4. (D) Where a claim is made in respect of one party only -whether contribution may be claimed in a subsequent cause of action
4.1. MAJLIS PERBANDARAN PULAU PINANG v LIM SOO SENG
5. (E) Liability in respect of agents
5.1. YEO TIN SANG v LIM CHOO KEE
5.2. WONG IT YONG v LIM GAW TEONG
6. REQUIREMENTS
6.1. 1) WRONGFUL/TORTIOUS ACT
6.1.1. court will see if tort was committed, all elements must be fulfilled
6.1.1.1. PUI LAI ONG v KASSIM BIN YUNUS
6.2. 2) SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP -employer-employee r/s
6.2.1. (A) determining the existence of a contract of service & employer-employee r/s
6.2.1.1. (i) Control test
6.2.1.1.1. SHORT v J & W HENDERSON LTD
6.2.1.1.2. ZEDTEE SDN BHD v MADURAYA SDN BHD
6.2.1.2. (ii) Organisation test
6.2.1.2.1. STEVENSON, JORDAN AND HARRISON LTD v MACDONALD AND EVANS
6.2.1.2.2. MAT JUSOH BIN DAUD v SYARIKAT JAYA SEBERANG TAKIR SDN BHD
6.2.1.3. (iii) Multiple test
6.2.1.3.1. READY MIXED CONCRETE (SOUTH EAST) LTD v MINISTER OF PENSIONS AND NATIONAL INSURANCE
6.2.2. (B) grey areas
6.2.2.1. (i) hospital staff
6.2.2.2. (ii) lending a worker
6.3. 3) TORT OCCUR WITHIN COURSE OF EMPLOYMENT
6.3.1. (A) carelessness of worker in the performance of his job
6.3.2. (B) unauthorised mode of doing smth authorised/mistake of worker
6.3.3. (C) Tort committed in protection of employer's property
6.3.4. (D) Worker delegating his reponsibility
6.3.5. (E) worker acting for his own benefit
6.3.6. (F) acting against employer's express prohibition
6.3.7. (G) employee acting 'on a frolic of his own'
6.3.8. (H) fraud of the worker
6.3.9. (I) commission of theft by employee
6.3.10. (J) sexual abuse by employee
6.3.11. (K) vicarious liability for breach of statutory duty
6.3.12. (L) time and its relevance in determining 'course of employment'
6.3.13. (M) location/premises on which the injury occurs
7. (F) Employer's common law duty of care
7.1. MARNI BT ANYIM v SHALINI SHANMUGAM
8. (G) Other related issues
8.1. 1) Tort proceedings against the Gov under Gov Proceedings Act 1956
8.1.1. KERAJAAN MALAYSIA v LAY KEE TEE