Orthopaedics WikiMaps by #UQUOrtho Students 2013

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Orthopaedics WikiMaps by #UQUOrtho Students 2013 により Mind Map: Orthopaedics WikiMaps by #UQUOrtho Students 2013

1. E=Exposure

2. Look for Source of Bleeding

3. Jaw Thrust And Chin Lift

4. CT scan , MRI , Arthrography , Arthrocentesis , Arthroscopy , and bone scan can be used in some cases

5. History

6. Spine Surgery

7. Sport Injuries

8. Arthroplasty

9. Orthopaedic Trauma

9.1. Hx and PE

9.1.1. Physical Examination

9.1.1.1. LOOK, FEEL & MOVE

9.1.1.2. Special Tests

9.1.1.3. Neurovascular Exam

9.2. imaging

9.2.1. at least 2 views

9.2.2. Joint Above & Joint Below

9.2.3. Before & After Reduction

9.2.4. 2 sides : bilateral

9.2.5. How to comment

9.2.5.1. Take a history & Physical Ex

9.2.5.2. Personal data

9.2.5.3. The area and view

9.2.5.4. Follow cortical outline

9.2.5.5. description

9.2.5.5.1. Dislocation for joint

9.2.5.5.2. Angulation

9.2.5.5.3. Shortening

9.3. ATLS

9.3.1. Primary Survey

9.3.1.1. A,B,C,D,E

9.3.1.1.1. A=Airway & Cervical Spine Protection

9.3.1.1.2. B=Breathing

9.3.1.1.3. C=Circulation

9.3.1.1.4. D=Disability

9.3.2. Resuscitation

9.3.2.1. Two peripheral large bore IVs

9.3.2.2. Two liters of Ringers Lactate

9.3.2.3. Monitor Blood pressure Urinary output Base deficit Initial Hematocrit/Hemoglobin -unreliable

9.3.2.4. If no response then severe hemorrhage has occurred Immediate blood is needed

9.3.2.4.1. Type specific

9.3.2.4.2. cross match

9.3.3. Secondary Survey

9.3.3.1. after pt stablization

9.3.3.2. look for Dx

9.3.4. Tertiary Survey

9.3.4.1. in 24 hr after stablization

9.3.4.2. look for missing abnormality

10. Foot & Ankle

10.1. Achilles Tendon

10.2. Peroneal Tendons

10.3. Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)

10.4. Foot Disorders

10.5. Fractures

11. Orthopadeic Basic Sciences

11.1. New Idea

11.2. New Idea

11.3. New Idea

11.4. New Idea

11.5. New Idea

12. New Idea

13. New Idea

14. Pain out of proportion and pain with passive stretching of muscle.

15. If treatment is delayed surgical correction is the only choice

16. Management: • non operative: remove constructive dressings( casts, splints) and elevate the limb at the level of the heart . • Operative : urgent fascitomy, 48-72h post-op wound closure with or without necrotic tissue debridement .

17. Treatment : serial casting

18. Talipes equinovarus ( Club foot )

18.1. Flection and inversion of the foot

19. Difinition : avascular necrosis of femoral head in children

20. Treatment

20.1. Pavlik harness

20.2. Hip spica cast

20.3. Open reduction

21. Developmental dysplasia (dislocation) of the hip (DDH)

21.1. Physical examination

21.1.1. Barlow's test

21.1.2. Ortaloni's test

21.2. Investigation

21.2.1. US

22. Pediatric Orthopaedics

22.1. Hip & foot pathology

22.1.1. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

22.1.1.1. Difinition : seperation of the epiphysis From the head of the femur

22.1.1.2. Investigation : x-ray

22.1.1.3. Treatment : stabilize with nail

22.1.2. Septic hip

22.1.2.1. Sign & symp : cry , poor feeding , fever, inability to move the hip

22.1.2.2. Common bacteria : staph aureus

22.1.2.3. Investigation : CBC , blood culture , x-ray , aspiration

22.1.2.4. Treatment : open the joint , irregation and antibiotic

22.1.3. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD)

22.1.3.1. Four Stages

22.1.3.1.1. 1-Femoral head becomes more dense with possible fracture of supporting bone

22.1.3.1.2. 2-Fragmentation and reabsorption of bone

22.1.3.1.3. 3- Reossification when new bone has regrown

22.1.3.1.4. 4-Healing, when new bone reshapes.

22.1.3.2. Signs & symp : hip pain

22.1.3.3. Investigations : x-ray

22.2. Fractures

23. Orthopaedic Oncology

23.1. Statistics

23.1.1. primary tumors

23.1.1.1. Posterior Cruciate Ligament

23.1.1.2. most of them are benign

23.1.1.3. must be managed only by an oncologist orthopedic

23.1.2. secondary (Metastatic) tumors

23.1.2.1. the majority of bone tumors

23.1.2.2. can be managed by any orthopedic doctor

23.2. Important 7 quistions in x-ray

23.2.1. Site Size Effect on bone Bone response Matrix type Cortex erosion Soft tissue mass

24. Upper Extremities

24.1. Shoulder joint

24.1.1. Shoulder problems

24.1.1.1. RC tear

24.1.1.1.1. special tests

24.1.1.2. Impingement syndrome

24.1.1.2.1. Neer's test

24.1.1.2.2. Hawkins-Kennedy test

24.1.1.3. Shoulder trauma

24.2. Elbow joint

24.2.1. Dislocation

24.2.1.1. Posterior most common

24.2.1.2. Anterior is rare

24.3. wrist joint

24.4. Common complains

24.4.1. Pain

24.4.2. Instability

24.4.3. Loss of motion

24.5. Fractures

24.5.1. Clavicle Fx

24.5.1.1. Proximal most common

24.5.1.2. Common in child

24.5.1.3. P/E & Radiology

24.5.1.3.1. Check for brachial plexus injury

24.5.1.3.2. X-ray, AP chest

24.5.1.4. Rx

24.5.1.4.1. Proximal & Middle

24.5.1.4.2. Distal

24.5.1.5. Complications

24.5.1.5.1. Shoulder stiffness

24.5.1.5.2. brachial plexus injury

24.5.1.5.3. Pneumothorax

24.5.2. Proximal Humral Fx

24.5.2.1. P/E & Radiology

24.5.2.1.1. Neurovascular Examination

24.5.2.2. Rx

24.5.2.2.1. Treat osteoprosis

24.5.2.2.2. Undisp.

24.5.2.2.3. Disp.

24.5.2.3. Complications

24.5.2.3.1. AVN

24.5.2.3.2. Axillary nerve palsy

24.5.2.3.3. Post-trumatic arthritis

25. Acute Compartment Syndrome

25.1. Surgical ER. causes:after significant trauma,ischemic injury, prolonged limb compression or surgery.

26. Knee joint

26.1. Knee injuries

26.1.1. fracture

26.1.1.1. Tibial Plateau Fractures

26.1.1.1.1. Produced by varus or valgus forces combined w/axial loading which drives femoral condyles into tibial plateau

26.1.1.2. Tibial Spine & Tuberosity Fractures

26.1.1.3. Femoral Condyle Fractures

26.1.1.4. Patella Fracture

26.1.2. ligament injuries

26.1.2.1. Ligamentous & Meniscal Injuries

26.1.2.1.1. Collateral ligament injury

26.1.2.1.2. Meniscal tears

26.1.2.2. Anterior Cruciate Ligament

26.1.2.2.1. ACL tear >PCL tear

26.1.3. dislocation

26.1.3.1. Knee Dislocation:

26.1.4. inflammation

26.1.4.1. Patellar Tendonitis

26.1.4.2. osteoarthritis

26.1.5. Quadriceps/Patellar Tendon Rupture

26.1.5.1. Patella Dislocation

26.1.6. Chondromalacia Patellae