1. E=Exposure
2. Look for Source of Bleeding
3. Jaw Thrust And Chin Lift
4. CT scan , MRI , Arthrography , Arthrocentesis , Arthroscopy , and bone scan can be used in some cases
5. History
6. Spine Surgery
7. Sport Injuries
8. Arthroplasty
9. Orthopaedic Trauma
9.1. Hx and PE
9.1.1. Physical Examination
9.1.1.1. LOOK, FEEL & MOVE
9.1.1.2. Special Tests
9.1.1.3. Neurovascular Exam
9.2. imaging
9.2.1. at least 2 views
9.2.2. Joint Above & Joint Below
9.2.3. Before & After Reduction
9.2.4. 2 sides : bilateral
9.2.5. How to comment
9.2.5.1. Take a history & Physical Ex
9.2.5.2. Personal data
9.2.5.3. The area and view
9.2.5.4. Follow cortical outline
9.2.5.5. description
9.2.5.5.1. Dislocation for joint
9.2.5.5.2. Angulation
9.2.5.5.3. Shortening
9.3. ATLS
9.3.1. Primary Survey
9.3.1.1. A,B,C,D,E
9.3.1.1.1. A=Airway & Cervical Spine Protection
9.3.1.1.2. B=Breathing
9.3.1.1.3. C=Circulation
9.3.1.1.4. D=Disability
9.3.2. Resuscitation
9.3.2.1. Two peripheral large bore IVs
9.3.2.2. Two liters of Ringers Lactate
9.3.2.3. Monitor Blood pressure Urinary output Base deficit Initial Hematocrit/Hemoglobin -unreliable
9.3.2.4. If no response then severe hemorrhage has occurred Immediate blood is needed
9.3.2.4.1. Type specific
9.3.2.4.2. cross match
9.3.3. Secondary Survey
9.3.3.1. after pt stablization
9.3.3.2. look for Dx
9.3.4. Tertiary Survey
9.3.4.1. in 24 hr after stablization
9.3.4.2. look for missing abnormality
10. Foot & Ankle
10.1. Achilles Tendon
10.2. Peroneal Tendons
10.3. Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)
10.4. Foot Disorders
10.5. Fractures
11. Orthopadeic Basic Sciences
11.1. New Idea
11.2. New Idea
11.3. New Idea
11.4. New Idea
11.5. New Idea
12. New Idea
13. New Idea
14. Pain out of proportion and pain with passive stretching of muscle.
15. If treatment is delayed surgical correction is the only choice
16. Management: • non operative: remove constructive dressings( casts, splints) and elevate the limb at the level of the heart . • Operative : urgent fascitomy, 48-72h post-op wound closure with or without necrotic tissue debridement .
17. Treatment : serial casting
18. Talipes equinovarus ( Club foot )
18.1. Flection and inversion of the foot
19. Difinition : avascular necrosis of femoral head in children
20. Treatment
20.1. Pavlik harness
20.2. Hip spica cast
20.3. Open reduction
21. Developmental dysplasia (dislocation) of the hip (DDH)
21.1. Physical examination
21.1.1. Barlow's test
21.1.2. Ortaloni's test
21.2. Investigation
21.2.1. US
22. Pediatric Orthopaedics
22.1. Hip & foot pathology
22.1.1. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
22.1.1.1. Difinition : seperation of the epiphysis From the head of the femur
22.1.1.2. Investigation : x-ray
22.1.1.3. Treatment : stabilize with nail
22.1.2. Septic hip
22.1.2.1. Sign & symp : cry , poor feeding , fever, inability to move the hip
22.1.2.2. Common bacteria : staph aureus
22.1.2.3. Investigation : CBC , blood culture , x-ray , aspiration
22.1.2.4. Treatment : open the joint , irregation and antibiotic
22.1.3. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD)
22.1.3.1. Four Stages
22.1.3.1.1. 1-Femoral head becomes more dense with possible fracture of supporting bone
22.1.3.1.2. 2-Fragmentation and reabsorption of bone
22.1.3.1.3. 3- Reossification when new bone has regrown
22.1.3.1.4. 4-Healing, when new bone reshapes.
22.1.3.2. Signs & symp : hip pain
22.1.3.3. Investigations : x-ray
22.2. Fractures
23. Orthopaedic Oncology
23.1. Statistics
23.1.1. primary tumors
23.1.1.1. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
23.1.1.2. most of them are benign
23.1.1.3. must be managed only by an oncologist orthopedic
23.1.2. secondary (Metastatic) tumors
23.1.2.1. the majority of bone tumors
23.1.2.2. can be managed by any orthopedic doctor
23.2. Important 7 quistions in x-ray
23.2.1. Site Size Effect on bone Bone response Matrix type Cortex erosion Soft tissue mass
24. Upper Extremities
24.1. Shoulder joint
24.1.1. Shoulder problems
24.1.1.1. RC tear
24.1.1.1.1. special tests
24.1.1.2. Impingement syndrome
24.1.1.2.1. Neer's test
24.1.1.2.2. Hawkins-Kennedy test
24.1.1.3. Shoulder trauma
24.2. Elbow joint
24.2.1. Dislocation
24.2.1.1. Posterior most common
24.2.1.2. Anterior is rare
24.3. wrist joint
24.4. Common complains
24.4.1. Pain
24.4.2. Instability
24.4.3. Loss of motion
24.5. Fractures
24.5.1. Clavicle Fx
24.5.1.1. Proximal most common
24.5.1.2. Common in child
24.5.1.3. P/E & Radiology
24.5.1.3.1. Check for brachial plexus injury
24.5.1.3.2. X-ray, AP chest
24.5.1.4. Rx
24.5.1.4.1. Proximal & Middle
24.5.1.4.2. Distal
24.5.1.5. Complications
24.5.1.5.1. Shoulder stiffness
24.5.1.5.2. brachial plexus injury
24.5.1.5.3. Pneumothorax
24.5.2. Proximal Humral Fx
24.5.2.1. P/E & Radiology
24.5.2.1.1. Neurovascular Examination
24.5.2.2. Rx
24.5.2.2.1. Treat osteoprosis
24.5.2.2.2. Undisp.
24.5.2.2.3. Disp.
24.5.2.3. Complications
24.5.2.3.1. AVN
24.5.2.3.2. Axillary nerve palsy
24.5.2.3.3. Post-trumatic arthritis
25. Acute Compartment Syndrome
25.1. Surgical ER. causes:after significant trauma,ischemic injury, prolonged limb compression or surgery.
26. Knee joint
26.1. Knee injuries
26.1.1. fracture
26.1.1.1. Tibial Plateau Fractures
26.1.1.1.1. Produced by varus or valgus forces combined w/axial loading which drives femoral condyles into tibial plateau
26.1.1.2. Tibial Spine & Tuberosity Fractures
26.1.1.3. Femoral Condyle Fractures
26.1.1.4. Patella Fracture
26.1.2. ligament injuries
26.1.2.1. Ligamentous & Meniscal Injuries
26.1.2.1.1. Collateral ligament injury
26.1.2.1.2. Meniscal tears
26.1.2.2. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
26.1.2.2.1. ACL tear >PCL tear
26.1.3. dislocation
26.1.3.1. Knee Dislocation:
26.1.4. inflammation
26.1.4.1. Patellar Tendonitis
26.1.4.2. osteoarthritis
26.1.5. Quadriceps/Patellar Tendon Rupture
26.1.5.1. Patella Dislocation
26.1.6. Chondromalacia Patellae