1. How can we classify the intensity of wind?
1.1. Group A
1.1.1. Winds may be calm, gentle, moderate, strong or gale. Some countries have slightly different names for each of them, and some even have more classifications between each. These 5 basic classes are: Calm air :these are generally felt as airy conditions.They have a Beaufort Number 0. Gentle Breeze: Gentle breezes have speeds of about 12-20km/hr. They have a Beaufort Number 3. Moderate winds: Moderate winds have speeds of about 20-38km/hr. Strong winds: Strong winds are also called gale in the USA. They have speeds of about 62-74km/hr. They have a Beaufort number of 8. Gale winds: Gale winds have speeds of about 75km/hr and more. They can also rip off roofs of buildings.
1.2. Group B
1.2.1. The Beaufort scale rates winds in 13 categories, from zero to 12. These codes match to descriptive labels, which vary slightly between sources. In order of increasing wind speed from less than 1 kilometer per hour (less than 1 mph) to more than 120 kph (75 mph), these are (0) “calm"; (1) “light air"; (2) “light breeze"; (3) “gentle breeze"; (4) “moderate breeze"; (5) “fresh breeze"; (6) “strong breeze"; (7) “moderate gale" or "near gale"; (8) “fresh gale" or simply "gale"; (9) “strong gale" or "severe gale"; (10) “whole gale" or "storm"; (11) “storm" or "violent storm"; and (12) “hurricane.” Reflecting its original use by mariners, these categories also correspond to wave heights: from zero to 14 meters (45 feet) or higher.
1.3. Group C
1.3.1. Thanks to the Beaufort scale, we can classify wind. Wind’s speed is measured and then assigned with numbers from 0 to 12.
1.4. Group D
1.5. Group E
1.5.1. The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. This scale is not an exact nor an objective scale; it was based on visual and subjective observation of a ship and of the sea. The corresponding integral wind speeds were determined later, but the values in different units were never made equivalent. Beaufort number 0 Calm 1 Light air 2 Light breeze 3 Gentle breeze 4 Moderate breeze 5 Fresh breeze 6 Strong breeze 7 High wind 8 Gale 9 Strong/severe gale 10 Storm 11 Violent storm 12 Hurricane force I know that also in use is scale of the classification of strong winds like hurricanes from the label above. That is the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), which classifies hurricanes into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds. One 64–82 kn 119–153 km/h Two 83–95 kn 154–177 km/h Three 96–112 kn 178–208 km/h Four 113–136 kn 209–251 km/h Five ≥ 137 kn ≥ 252 km/h
2. How do we describe wind?
2.1. Group A
2.1.1. Wind is moving air and is caused by differences in air pressure within our atmosphere. Air under high pressure moves toward areas of low pressure.
2.2. Group B
2.2.1. It can manifest as a soothing, caressing breeze or a raging, lethal typhoon.
2.3. Group C
2.3.1. The wind is a movement of air from a high pressure area to an area of low pressure. This happens because hot air, being lighter than cold air, tends to overcome it creating a vacuum. As a consequence, a motion is created and it is also called convective circulation. The earth's rotation, however, creates a force (Coriolis force) that causes a horizontal deviation on these air masses.
2.4. Group D
2.4.1. Wind is described with direction and speed. The direction of the wind is expressed as the direction from which the wind is blowing
2.5. Group E
2.5.1. Wind is somewhat of a mystery. We can't see it, but we can feel it. A 'wind' is simply the flow of a huge amount of air, usually from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area. The greater the difference in pressure, the faster the air flows.How would temperature differences make the wind blow? Well, the gases that make up our atmosphere do interesting things as the temperatures change. When gases warm up, the atoms and molecules move faster, spread out, and rise. When air is colder, the gases get slower and closer together. Colder air sinks.The sun warms up the air, but it does so unevenly. Because the sun hits different parts of the Earth at different angles, and because Earth has oceans, mountains, and other features, some places are warmer than others. Because of this, we get pockets of warm air and cold air. Since gases behave differently at different temperatures, that means you also get pockets with high pressure and pockets with low pressure. In areas of high pressure, the gases in the air are more crowded. In low pressure zones, the gases are a little more spread out. And this movement of air masses is the part where wind happens.
3. Why is it important for scientists and engineers to measure wind speed?
3.1. Group B
3.1.1. Wind speed helps scientists and engineers to monitoring and predicting weather patterns and global climate. Its study is important for sizing tall building structures, designing wind power generation fields, reservoir protection ...
3.2. Group C
3.2.1. • Predict the weather • Predict natural disasters • Predict climate changes
3.3. Group E
3.3.1. The speed of wind is measured in miles per hour or kilometers per hour. Scientists typically use a tool called an anemometer to measure the speed of the wind. Wind speed, or wind velocity, is significant to weather forecasting and helps to plot the atmospheric pressure. Measurements are also used for monitoring and predicting weather patterns and global climate. Wind speed and direction have numerous impacts on surface water. These parameters affect rates of evaporation, mixing of surface waters, and the development of seiches and storm surges. Each of these processes has dramatic effects on water quality and water level.
3.4. Group D
3.5. Group A
3.5.1. Wind speed helps indicate a change in weather patterns, such as an approaching storm, which is important for pilots, engineers, and climatologists.