1. Rome Spreads Power
1.1. Romes Conquers Italy
1.1.1. It grew slowly but steadily.
1.1.2. Rome dominated central Italy by the 4th century BC
1.1.3. Romans were masters of all Itayl besides the Po Valley.
1.2. Rome's Commercial Network
1.2.1. Rome's location gave it easy access to the riches of the lands ringing the Mediterranean Sea.
1.2.2. Moved by land and sea.
1.2.3. Traded Roman wine and olive oil for a variety of foods, raw materials and manufactured goods from other lands.
1.3. War with Carthage
1.3.1. Hannibal
1.3.1.1. Was a brilliant miltary stragist who wanted to avange Carthage's earlier defeat
1.3.2. Scipio
1.3.2.1. A general who devised a plan to attack Carthage.
1.3.2.1.1. This strategy forced Hannibal to return to defend his native city
1.4. Rome Controls the Mediterranean
1.4.1. Rome's victories in the Punic Wars gave it domination over the western Meditteranean.
2. The beginnings of Rome
2.1. Was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus.
2.1.1. Twin sons of the god Mars and Latin princess.
2.1.1.1. Were abandoned on the Tiber River as infants and were raised by a she-wolf.
2.2. They built the city of Rome near the Tigris River near the center of the Italian Peninsula
2.2.1. Three of the earliest settlers arrived from 1000 to 500 BC. They were the Latins, the Greeks, and the Etruscans.
2.3. Latins
2.3.1. Were farmers and shepherds
2.3.1.1. They created wooden huts atop on the seven hills
2.3.1.1.1. They were the first Romans
2.4. Greeks
2.4.1. Established about 50 colonies on the coasts of southern Italy and Sicily.
2.4.1.1. Taught the Romans how to grow grapes and olives
2.5. Etruscans
2.5.1. Native to Northern Italy.
2.5.1.1. Skilled metalworkers and engineers.
2.5.1.1.1. Influenced Romes alphabet and architecture., especially the use of the arch.
3. The Early Republic
3.1. Rome had etruscan kings and rich agricultural land.
3.1.1. established a republic
3.2. Patricians and Plebians
3.2.1. patricians (aristocratic landowners) held most power. plebians (common farmers, artisans, and merchants) were majority of the population.
3.2.2. tributes protected the rights of the plebians from unfair acts of patrician officials.
3.3. Twelve Tables
3.3.1. the Rome laws that hung in the Forum which established the idea that all free citizens, patricians and pebeians, had a right to the protection of the law.
3.4. Government Under the Republic
3.4.1. Rome had two officials in place of a king called consuls.
3.4.2. the senate was the aristocratic branch of Rome's government
3.4.3. in times of crisis, the republic can appoint a dictator- a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army
3.5. The Roman Army
3.5.1. The Roman legion was made of heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry)