Basic concept and development theories

1. The African perspective

1.1. Nsamenang’s theory

2. Developmental Issues (Basic concept) (Louw D & A, 2014:10-13)

2.1. Nature or Nurture - How genetic inheritance and our experience influence our behavior

2.2. Continuity or Discontinuity - development gradual and continuous or does it proceed through a sequence of stages Louw D & A, 2014:12)

2.3. Passive or Active involvement - Shaped by external forces in the environment or plays an active role in own development

2.4. Universality or Cultural context - development changes across cultures, contexts and individual

3. Developmental theories (Louw D & A, 2014:15

3.1. Biological perspective

3.1.1. Maturation theory

3.1.2. Ethological theory

3.1.3. Evolutionary theory

3.2. Psychodynamic perspective

3.2.1. Freud’s psychosexual theory

3.2.2. Erkson’s psychosexual theory

3.3. Learning theory perspective

3.3.1. Early learning theory

3.3.2. Social cognitive theory

3.4. Cognitive developmental perspective

3.4.1. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

3.4.2. The information-processing theory

3.5. Contextual perspective

3.5.1. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory

3.5.2. Super and Harkness developmental niche

4. Reference • Louw, D.A. & Louw,A.E. 2014. Child and Adolescent development. 2en ed. Bloemfontein: Psychology Publications. •http://amandakchandler.weebly.com/prenatal.html •https://images.app.goo.gl/MEmfNtjGSn5UpH939 •https://images.app.goo.gl/y3G3zfoVtiy4F5uEA. •https://images.app.goo.gl/6ASAH5WQNqZ4P9ay9. https://images.app.goo.gl/9tQBtdPCe7MAeW7WA. •https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcSLE3dpC3ylRokbr4828tFkvYLS4Iz3q3PaeqT0GK8XIFaO5eVV&usqp=CAU

5. Adolescence

6. Domains of development (Louw D & A, 2014:9)

6.1. Physical development - changes in the body. Louw D & A, 2014:9)

6.2. Cognitive development - How we process and interpret information by means of our senses Louw D & A, 2014:9)

6.3. Personality development - totally of a person’s psychological,social, moral and physical characteristics Louw D & A, 2014:9)

6.4. Social development - individual’s interaction and relationships with other people Louw D & A, 2014:9)

7. Developmental stages (Louw D & A, 2014:7)

7.1. Prenatal stage

7.2. Neonatal stage

7.3. Infancy

7.4. Early childhood

7.5. Middle childhood