Vitamins
da EXO Overdose
1. B1-Thiamin
1.1. First Vitamin
1.2. Deficiencies lead to diseases called Beriberi ( anorexia,neulogical disorder, heart problem)
1.3. Serves as a cofactor in decarbocylation reaction of keto acids aprosthetic group in transketolases
1.4. Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) - Reaction
2. B2- Riboflavin
2.1. Water soluble vitamin
2.2. Lead to growth retardation, reproductive problems and neural degreneration
2.3. Good resources of meat, dairy,veges, legumes and grains
2.4. Form FMN and FAD FMN & FAD - Transfer electrons one or two at a time
3. B7/H- Biotin
3.1. Water soluble vitamin
3.2. Produced by gut microflora
3.3. Deficiencies are rare
3.4. Involved in ATP dependent carboxylation reaction
3.5. Bound to enzyme thru amide linkage with lysine
4. B9- Folate
4.1. Water Soluble vitamin
4.2. Important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in fetus
4.3. Has Poly-glutamate tail formed by gamma-carboxy and alpha amino groups
4.4. Tetrahydropholate- Important in transfer one-carbon unit of other molecules such as methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid
5. Fat Soluble Vitamins
5.1. Consists of A,D,E,K vitamins
5.2. Vitamin A - derived from betta carotene for vision, regulation of gene expression
5.3. Vitamin D - Important in calcium absorption, regulates intestinal absorption and deposition in bones
5.4. Vitamin E - Antioxidants
5.5. Vitamin K - needed for the posttranslational modification of certain protein require for blood coagulation and in metabolic pathways in both and other tissues
6. B5- Pantothenic Acid
6.1. Water soluble vitamin
6.2. Important Coenzyme - produce other biologically important molecules (co-enzyme A)
6.3. Co-enzyme A involved in acyl group transfer
6.4. Hydrophobic acyl groups made more water soluble with co-enzyme attached
7. B3-Niacin
7.1. Known as Nicotinic Acid
7.2. Lead to Pellagra ( Dermatitis, diarrhea,dementia)
7.3. Involves both DNA repair and the production of steroid hormones in adrenal gland
7.4. NAD+ / NADP+
8. B6- Pyridoxal
8.1. One of three natural form of vitamin B6 ; pyridoxamine,pyridoxine
8.2. heterocylic organic compounds
8.3. Pyridoxal 5- phosphate (PLP)
8.3.1. importance in amino acid
8.3.2. Bound to enzyme thru reaction with lysine
8.3.3. Function in transmination, decarboxylation, isomerization,side-chain elimination