1. Neolithic period
1.1. Megalithic architecture
1.1.1. Stonehenge completed 3500 y. ago
1.1.1.1. - huge rocks - no cement - simple tools - little planning
2. Greek a.
2.1. religious a.
2.1.1. temples
2.1.1.1. The Parthenon in Athens
2.1.1.2. -basement (+cella) - colonnade - sloping roof
2.2. golden ratio
2.3. civic a.
2.3.1. acropolis
2.3.2. agora
2.4. basic element: COLUMNS (3 types)
2.4.1. Doric order
2.4.1.1. -flat capital -shaft without base
2.4.2. Ionic order
2.4.2.1. -scroll-like capital -slender shaft
2.4.3. Corinthian order
2.4.3.1. -decorated capital -slender shaft
3. Roman a. in Britain
3.1. London
3.1.1. -built bridges -road system -L. became a rich commercial centre
3.2. Bath
3.2.1. -the centre of luxury and leisure -mineral water -Roman baths
3.3. Hadrian's wall
3.3.1. -to defend Roman province from Scottish tribes
4. Romanesque a.
4.1. design: Roman basilica
4.1.1. connected to the birth of monastic orders (1000-1150)
4.2. bigger structures, the use of stone vaults
4.2.1. -barrel vault -groin vault
4.2.2. -thicker walls -few openings
4.2.3. -dark interior -low buildings
5. Norman a. in England
5.1. defensive purpose
5.2. White TOwer, Dover castle, Windsor
5.3. Motte and Bailey, Stone KEep
5.4. stone & wood
6. GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE
6.1. Originated in Britain during the reign of the three Georges (1714-1820)
6.1.1. Due to the increase in population of urban areas
6.2. Influenced by classical Style
6.3. Townhouse (XVII-XVIII century)
6.3.1. Simple and elegant
6.3.2. Tall and narrow
6.3.3. Simmetrical and square shape
6.3.4. Often Built in rows called "terraces"
6.3.4.1. Laid out in straight lines
6.3.4.2. "Garden squares"
6.3.4.2.1. Social purposes
6.4. Georgian house
6.4.1. Layout
6.4.1.1. Four or fivefloors
6.4.1.1.1. One front and one back room
6.4.1.2. A staircase to each floor
6.4.1.3. Basement
6.4.1.3.1. Kitchen
6.4.1.3.2. Cellar (storying wood and coal)
6.4.1.4. First floor
6.4.1.4.1. Main rooms
6.4.1.5. Top floor
6.4.1.5.1. Children's bedrooms
6.4.1.5.2. Playrooms
6.4.2. Craftsmen and artists
6.4.3. Structure
6.4.3.1. Pillars
6.4.3.2. Sash windows
6.4.3.3. Two chimneys
7. Egyptian a.
7.1. Pyramids of Giza - tombs for pharaohs
7.1.1. built about 2500 BC
7.1.1.1. - immense use of labor and materials - limestone - granite - mudbricks
8. Roman a.
8.1. inspired by the Etruscans and the Greeks
8.2. -volcanic rocks -marble -travertine -cement -concrete -mortar
8.3. religious a.
8.3.1. temples, similar to Greek t.
8.4. civic a.
8.4.1. theatres
8.4.2. amphithetres
8.4.2.1. Colosseum, Verona Arena
8.4.3. basilicas (used for judicial purposes)
8.5. innovations: -arches -dome
8.6. domestic a.
8.6.1. insula, a block of flats
8.6.1.1. running water, sanitation
8.6.2. domus, a single-family house
8.6.3. villa, a country house
9. Early Christian a.
9.1. close to Roman style
9.2. Christian basilica <---secular basilica
9.3. churches had a cruciform shape
10. Gothic a.
10.1. originated in France, 12th century
10.2. -pointed arch -ribbed vault -flying buttress
10.3. English Gothic a.
10.3.1. Early English style 13 c.
10.3.1.1. -tall, narrow, pointed windows -no decorative stonework
10.3.2. The Decorated style 14 c.
10.3.2.1. -complex curves
10.3.3. The Perpendicular style 14-15cc.
10.3.3.1. -large windows -vertical lines -fan vaulting
10.3.4. Westminster Abbey 13th-16th c.
10.3.4.1. -tombs for kings and queens -setting for coronations
10.3.4.2. -pointed arches -ribbed vaulting -rose windows
11. Baroque
11.1. Between sixteenth and eighteenth century
11.2. Style
11.2.1. Complex shapes
11.2.2. Introduction of decoration, rich surface treatments, vividly painted ceilings
11.2.3. Use of perspective
11.2.4. New interest in ornament
11.2.5. Contrast in colour
11.3. RIchness and dynamism
11.3.1. Concept of harmony as expression of the human and ration dimension
11.3.2. interest in movement and dynamism
11.3.2.1. Curved lines and round or oval shapes
11.3.3. Kind a hierarchy between the decoration and addition
11.3.3.1. Theatrical set
11.4. Artists
11.4.1. England
11.4.1.1. Christopher Wren
11.4.2. Italy
11.4.2.1. Lorenzo Bernini
11.4.2.2. Francesco Borromini