Chapter 5
by Jennifer Davis
1. Communication roles- Any barrier to effective communication must be addressed in treatment to allow complete participation in all desired social and communication roles
2. Augmentative & Alternative Communication- Refers to the AAC as the area of research, clinical, and educational practice that "involves impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of individuals with severe disorders of speech language production and/or comprehension.
3. Communication Partners- Part of the AAC system to argue a speech and other models of communication.
4. Aid- refers to a type of assistive device that is used to send and receive messages.
5. Electric- AAC aids are usually referred to as speech generating devices.
6. Dynamic Displays- are visual and change after a symbol is selected.
7. Hybird Displays- use a combination of display types on the AAC system.
8. Visual scene displays- VSD's are pictures, photographs, or depiction of virtual environments that represent situations, places, or experiences.
9. Strategy- the third component of an AAC system and is the way symbols are effectively and efficiently conveyed.
10. Static- symbols that do not require movement or change to understand their meaning.
11. Dynamic- symbols that require movement or change to understand their meaning.
12. Social Roles- are the roles each person has in society.
13. Multimodal- People use a combination of communication modalities to meet their intended communication goals.
14. Complex Communication Needs- To replace previously used terms such as severe communication disorders or severe communication impairments.
15. Speech generating device- Used to produce words and phrases an alternative to speaking in situations where he or she is not understood.
16. Multidisciplinary Team- Professionals conducts an AAC assessment.
17. Comprehensive AAC assessment- After a referral is made, a member of the AAC team contacts the identified person and his or her communication partners to schedule an assessment.
18. Opportunity Barriers- are imposed by other people and prevent an individual's participation in communication activities.
19. Access Barriers- can also prevent participation in communication activities,, but they stem from the capabilities, attitudes, and resources of the person using AAC.
20. Emerging, context-dependent & independent communication- these three descriptors describe what an individual is able to do communication at a given point in time but should never be used to define an individual's potential for communication.
21. Fixed display- remains the same before and after a symbol is selected.
22. AAC System- Consists of four different components that are used to enhance communication.
23. Symbol- something that represents something else.
24. Aided- symbol that requires a device or accessory that is external to the body to transit a message.
25. Unaided- Symbols require only one's body.
26. Technique- refers to the way in which messages are transmitted.
27. Direct Selection- A direct motor act that is not dependent on time.
28. Indirect selection- Individuals with severe motor or sensory impairments can also access their AAC systems with one of three indirect selection,
29. Scanning- with scanning, a selection set of symbols is presented in a predetermined configuration by either a communication device or a communication partner.
30. Coded access- which requires an individual to use a sequence of movements to select a symbol from a set.
31. Iconicity- is the degree to which symbols visually resemble what they refer to.
32. Opaque- Symbol has little resemblance to what it represents whereas an iconic symbol is very transparent.
33. Information Transfer- the information being conveyed may be novel and unknown to the recipient, posing special challenges for someone with complex communication needs.
34. Intellectual Disability- having significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, as expressed in conceptual social, and practical adaptive skills.
35. Cerebral Palsy- is a neuromotor impairment resulting from trauma or damaged to the developing child before, during, or soon after birth.
36. Autism Spectrum Disorders- are a group of developmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction; difficulty with verbal and nonverbal communication; and unusual, repetitive, or severely limited activities and interests.
37. Childhood Apraxia of Speech- also known as developmental apraxia of speech is a speech disorder characterized by the inability to control the purposeful speech movements and sequences of speech movements.
38. Traumatic Brain Injury- is an acquired injury to the brain caused by a traumatic event.
39. Stroke- occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures.
40. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis- ALS is a rapidly growing disease.
41. Parkinson's Disease - is a slowly progressive disease of the basal ganglia in the central nervous system.
42. Dementia- is another degenerative disease that can affect communication.
43. Social Closeness- Which has to do with being polite and conforming to the social conventions of one's culture.
44. Social etiquette- which has to do with being polite and conforming to the social conventions of one's culture.
