1. Important aspects to speakers of English
1.1. Intelligibility
1.1.1. The extent to which a speaker's message is actually understood by a listener.
1.2. Comprehensibility
1.2.1. The listener is able to understand the meaning of what is said.
1.3. Interpretability
1.3.1. The listener is able to understand the purpose of what is said.
2. Pronunciation
2.1. It is the act of producing the sounds of a language.
2.1.1. Segmental
2.1.1.1. Any discrete unit that can be identified, either physically or auditory, in the stream of speech.
2.1.2. Suprasegmental
2.1.2.1. Phonemes that cannot be easily analyzed as distinct segments, but rather belong to a syllable or even word.
2.1.2.1.1. Intonation
2.1.2.1.2. Stress
2.1.2.1.3. Connected speech
3. What is linguistics?
3.1. The study of any language.
4. Core areas
4.1. Ortography
4.1.1. The study of spelling.
4.2. Phonology
4.2.1. The study of sound system of languages, concerned with anatomy and physiology - the organs of speech and how we learn to use them. Theory behind the production of the sounds.
4.2.1.1. Sound-units
4.2.1.1.1. Phoneme
4.2.1.1.2. Allophones
4.2.1.1.3. Minimal Pair
4.2.1.1.4. Homonyms
4.2.1.1.5. Homographs
4.3. Morphology
4.3.1. The study of word creation
4.4. Phonetics
4.4.1. The scientific study of speech, the discovery of how speech sounds are produced, how they are used in spoken language.
4.4.1.1. Articulatory observation
4.4.1.1.1. The production of speech sounds
4.4.1.2. Acoustic phonetics
4.4.1.2.1. Transmission
4.4.1.3. Auditory aspect
4.4.1.3.1. Perception. The ear is capable of making fine discrimination between different sounds, and sometimes it is not possible to define in articulatory terms precisely what the difference is.
4.4.1.3.2. IPA: International phonetic alphabet.
4.5. Semantics
4.5.1. The study of meaning
4.6. Pragmatics
4.6.1. The study of deeper meaning
4.7. Sociolinguistics
4.7.1. The study of region, ethnicity, language and society
4.8. Syntax
4.8.1. The study of word creation