1. Environmental Issues
1.1. Climate change
1.1.1. Global warming Increase in Earth’s average surface temperature
1.1.1.1. Causes
1.1.1.1.1. •Volcanic eruptions
1.1.1.1.2. • Fossil fuel combustion
1.1.1.1.3. • Industrial processes
1.1.1.2. Effects
1.1.1.2.1. Biological
1.1.1.2.2. Human Health
1.1.1.2.3. Environmental
1.2. Pollution
1.2.1. Types
1.2.1.1. • Air pollution
1.2.1.2. • Water pollution
1.2.1.3. • Soil pollution
1.2.1.4. • Noise pollution
1.2.2. Effects
1.2.2.1. Respiratory diseases
1.2.2.2. • Ecosystem degradation
1.2.2.3. • Waterborne diseases
1.2.2.4. • Biodiversity loss
2. Environmental Laws & Policies
2.1. International Agreements
2.1.1. Paris Agreement : Limit global warming to below 2'C
2.1.1.1. Climate Finance for Developing Countries
2.1.1.2. Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)
2.1.2. Kyoto Protocol : Binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
2.1.2.1. Carbon Trading
2.1.2.2. Joint Implementation
2.1.3. Montreal Protocol : Phase-out of substances depleting the ozone layer (CFCs, HCFCs)
2.1.3.1. Financial and technical assistance for developing countries
2.1.3.2. Amendment to include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
2.2. Regulatory Bodies
2.2.1. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
2.2.1.1. Toxic Substances Control Act
2.2.1.2. Overseeing hazardous waste management
2.2.1.3. Enforcing environmental regulations in the U.S.
2.2.2. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
2.2.2.1. Leading global environmental efforts
2.2.2.2. Coordinating international responses to climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss
3. Environmental Education & Awareness
3.1. Environmental Education Programs
3.1.1. School Curriculums
3.1.1.1. Integration in Subjects
3.1.1.2. Hands-on Learning
3.1.2. Environmental Clubs and Organizations
3.1.2.1. Types of Activities
3.1.2.2. Impact on Youth
3.2. Public Awareness Campaigns
3.2.1. Global Initiatives
3.2.1.1. Earth Day (April 22)
3.2.1.2. World Environment Day (June 5)
3.2.1.3. Other Initiatives
3.2.2. Government-Led Campaigns
3.3. Role of Media
3.3.1. Documentaries
3.3.2. News and Journalism
3.3.3. Social Media
4. Smart Grids
4.1. Optimization of energy distribution
5. Future Trends in Environmental Protection
5.1. Green Technologies
5.2. Climate change mitigation
6. Sustainable Development
7. Extraction before consumption
8. Energy efficient buildings
8.1. Passive houses
9. Human Impact on the Environment
10. Innovations inenergy-efficient systems
11. Conversation Stratigies
11.1. Forest Conversation
11.1.1. Major threats
11.1.1.1. •Wildfires •Illegal logging •Invasive species •Deforestation
11.1.2. Solution
11.1.2.1. •Participate in Reforestation Efforts •Support Sustainable Products
11.2. Wildlife Conversation
11.3. Marine Protection
12. Operation using direct capture from the air
13. Sustainable Urbanization
13.1. Reduced Carbon Emmissions
13.2. Less Traffic Congestion
13.3. Promotion of Active Transportation
14. Protected Areas
14.1. National Parks
14.1.1. •The fist park,Yellowstone •In Kazakhstan,Bayanauyl
14.2. Wildlife Reserves
14.2.1. •Serengeti National Park (Tanzania) •Kruger National Park (South Africa) •Banff National Park (Canada)
15. Indusrtialization
15.1. Energy consumption
15.2. Pollution
16. Agriculture
16.1. Overfarming
16.2. Monocultures
16.3. Land degradation
17. Carbon Capture technologies
18. Major threats
18.1. Overfishing
18.2. Global climate changes
18.3. Litter
18.4. Water Pollution
19. Organizations
19.1. Marine protected Areas
19.2. The Nature Conservancy
19.3. Ocean Conservancy
20. Sustainable consumptions
20.1. Reuse
20.2. Reduce
20.3. Recycle
21. Environmental Protection&Conversation
21.1. Endangered Species Protection
21.1.1. Causes of extinction
21.1.2. Conservation efforts(IUCN Red List)
22. Population Growth
22.1. Resourse strain
22.2. Habitat Destructions
23. Major threats
23.1. Habitat Loss
23.2. Climate Change
23.3. Overexplotiation
24. Importance
24.1. Biodiversity
24.2. Economic value
24.3. Cultural significance
25. Urbanization
25.1. Land use changes
25.2. Pollution
26. Natural Resources
26.1. Renewable
26.1.1. Sources
26.1.1.1. Sunlight
26.1.1.2. Wind
26.1.1.3. Hydrogen
26.1.2. Benefits
26.1.2.1. Environmental impact
26.1.2.2. Sustainability
26.1.3. Challenges
26.1.3.1. High cost
26.1.3.2. Geographic limitations
26.2. Non-renewable
26.2.1. Types
26.2.1.1. Crude oil
26.2.1.2. Natural gas
26.2.1.3. Nuclear energy
26.2.2. Impact
26.2.2.1. Environmental
26.2.2.1.1. High carbon emissions, air pollution, water contamination, habitat destruction.
26.2.2.2. Economic
26.2.2.2.1. Large industries dependent on fossil fuels
26.2.3. Challenges
26.2.3.1. Non-renewable, environmental damage, contribution to climate change.