1. Epistemology in Social Sciences
1.1. Epistemology
1.1.1. “the study of knowledge “
1.1.2. It examines the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge.
1.2. Schools
1.2.1. Materialism
1.2.1.1. “everything is matter and that the only reality that exists is material reality”
1.2.1.1.1. Marx and Engels
1.2.2. Rationalism
1.2.2.1. “reality can be known without any prior experience”
1.2.2.1.1. Descartes
1.2.3. Empirisicism
1.2.3.1. “experience is necessary to know something”
1.2.3.1.1. Locke, Hume, Mill
1.2.4. Realism
1.2.4.1. “Knowledge is possible without the necessity of thought”
1.2.4.1.1. Bunge, Bertrand Russell
1.2.5. Idealism
1.2.5.1. “objects cannot exist without a mind that is aware of them”
1.2.5.1.1. Plato, Kant
1.2.5.1.2. Plato, Kant
1.2.6. Positivism
1.2.6.1. all knowledge must be based on sensory experience
1.2.6.1.1. Bacon, Comte
1.2.7. Logical positivism
1.2.7.1. empiricism based on logic to avoid ambiguity.
1.2.8. Phenomenology
1.2.8.1. consciousness involves a relationship with the object and keeps the essence of the phenomenon
1.2.9. Analytic philosophy
1.2.9.1. everything that can be thought can be expressed by language
1.2.10. Hermeneutics
1.2.10.1. the knowledge that can be accomplished is historically mediated.
2. Social Research Methodologies
2.1. Methods
2.1.1. Quantitative
2.1.1.1. Is used through the data collection and statistical analysis, avoiding being the less subjectively possible.
2.1.1.2. Is a deductive method
2.1.1.2.1. Aims at truth, scientific acceptance Statistical analysis
2.1.2. Qualitative
2.1.2.1. Is used to answer questions that are difficult to answer with data, like how? and why?
2.1.2.1.1. This research seeks to describe, understand and interpret phenomena
2.1.3. Mixed
2.1.3.1. Links both methods
2.2. Research
2.2.1. A set of systematic, empirical processes that apply to study of a phenomenon.
3. Process of Social Research
3.1. Steps for investigating
3.1.1. Quantitative method
3.1.1.1. Steps
3.1.1.1.1. Problem Statement
3.1.2. Qualitative method
3.1.2.1. Steps
3.1.2.2. the statements are more flexible, open and not very specific
3.1.2.2.1. Idea
4. Field of Research
4.1. Types of distribution of people
4.1.1. Groups
4.1.1.1. Primary
4.1.1.1.1. Family
4.1.1.2. Secondary
4.1.1.2.1. Friends, work, colleagues
4.1.2. Class
4.1.2.1. the system of ordering a society in which people are divided into sets based on perceived social or economic status.
4.1.3. Society
4.1.3.1. a group of people who share a common habitat and depend on each other for their survival and well-being
4.2. The different social types practices.
4.2.1. events that construct social reality, but have different meanings depending on the context in which they take place
4.2.1.1. marriage, parenting, funerals, graduations.
5. Development Zones
5.1. Development areas of research.
5.1.1. Economic
5.1.1.1. Globalization of the market economy
5.1.2. Social
5.1.2.1. Consumerism, like better working and living conditions for the citizens
5.1.3. Political
5.1.3.1. A democratic state
5.1.4. Scientific and technological
5.1.4.1. Modernization and development of new technologies