1. Data Sources
1.1. Hospitals
1.1.1. Emergency Dept Visits
1.1.2. Inpatient Records
1.2. Labs
1.3. Urgent Care Centers
1.4. Pharmacies
1.4.1. Prescription Data
1.5. Other Healthcare Providers
2. Analytics
2.1. Data Processing
2.1.1. Data Cleaning
2.1.2. Normalization
2.2. Analysis Tools
2.2.1. Statistical Analysis
2.2.2. Visualization Dashboards
2.3. Reporting
2.3.1. Syndromic Trends
2.3.2. Outbreak Alerts
3. Stakeholders
3.1. Local Health Departments
3.1.1. Disease Surveillance
3.2. State Health Departments
3.2.1. Public Health Planning
3.3. Center for Disease Control
3.3.1. National-level Analysis
3.4. Healthcare Providers
3.4.1. Improved Patient Care
4. Applications
4.1. Public Health
4.1.1. Real-time Outbreak Monitoring
4.1.2. Bioterrorism Preparedness
4.2. Community Health
4.2.1. Identifying Health Disparities
4.2.2. Resource Allocation
4.3. Policy Making
4.3.1. Data-driven Decisions
4.3.2. Health Trend Forecasting
5. Challenges and Limitations
5.1. Data Quality
5.1.1. Inconsistent Reporting
5.2. Privacy Concerns
5.2.1. Patient Confidentiality
5.3. Technology
5.3.1. Integration with Diverse Systems
6. Data Collection and Management
6.1. Data Types
6.1.1. Demographics
6.1.2. Diagnoses
6.1.3. Symptoms
6.1.4. Lab Results
6.2. Standards
6.2.1. HL7 Messaging Format
6.2.2. Data Validation Protocols
6.3. Integration
6.3.1. Health Information Exchanges
6.3.2. Electronic Health Records