Programming Paradigm

1. Procedural

1.1. Basic,Pascal,COBOL,Fortan,Ada

1.2. Description-Emphasizes linear steps that provide the computer with instructions on how to solove a problem or carry out a task.

1.3. Procedural languages are well suited for problems that can be easily solved with a linear, or step-by-ste,algorithm.

1.4. Addvantages-The prcedural paradigm is quite flexibleand powerful, which allows programmersto apply it to many types of problems.

1.5. Dissadvantages-It does not fit gracefully with certain types of problems-those that are unstructured or those with very complex algorithms.

2. Object-oriented

2.1. Smalltalk,C++,Java,Scratch

2.2. Description-Formulates programs as a seriesof objects and methods that interact to perform a specific task.

2.3. It can be applied to a wide range of programming problems. Basically, if you can envision a problem as a set of objects that pass messages back and forth, the problem is suitable for a OO approach.

2.4. Advantages-Programmers might be able to visualize the solutions to problems more easily.Facets of the object-oriented paradigm can also increase a programmer's efficency because encapsulation allows objects to be adapted and reused in a variety of different programs.

2.5. Dissadvantages-Runtime efficiency, the programs tend to require more memory and processing resources then procedural programs.

3. Functional

3.1. LISP,Scheme,Haskell

3.2. Description-Emphasizes the evaluations of expressions, called functions.

3.3. emphasizese evaluation of functions,rather then the evaluation of commands

3.4. Advantages-If the expression is not used it can be removed without affecting other expressions.

3.5. Disadvantages- Does not emphasize the execution of commands, only the evaluation of expressions.

4. Declaritive

4.1. Prolog

4.2. Description-Focuses on the use of facts and rules to describe a problem.

4.3. It describes aspects of a problem that lead to a solution.

4.4. Advantages-Declaritive programs with simple logic dont require much planning

4.5. Disadvantages-Programs that deal with multiple factors have more complex logic and often require planning tools, such as descisiontables.

5. Event-driven

5.1. Visual Basic, C#

5.2. Description-Focuses on selecting userinterface elements and defining event-handling routines that are tiggered by various mouse or keyboard activities.

5.3. The event-driven paradigm can significantly reduce development time and simplify the entire programming process.

5.4. Advantages-The programmer is never required to deal with the overall program sequence because the VDE automatically combines user interface elements and event-handling routines into a file that becomes the final computer program.

5.5. Disadvantages-The sequence of the users actions can not be predicted, which introduces a level of complexity that does not fit well with traditional programming languages.