Aristotle

1. How differs from Plato and Socrates

1.1. Scientific and practical thinker

1.2. Does not believe in the World of Forms

1.2.1. Everything that we can understand are the things we can touch

1.3. Creates and applies a scientific model to philosophical investigation

2. Teleological System

2.1. Material cause - the material from which the thing is made

2.2. Formal cause - the shape or form a thing must take in order to be recognized

2.3. Efficient cause - the actual force used to make thing

2.4. Final cause - the ultimate purpose of the thing

3. Where Forms reside

3.1. Inside the things themselves

3.1.1. Ex. the Form of the oak tree is inside the acorn

3.2. Each thing we see is part of a telelogical (goal oriented) system

4. Biology

4.1. "All men by nature desire to know. An example is the delight we take in our senses."

4.2. Nature does nothing by chance. We have been given senses to use them to understand the world.

4.3. To engage the problem of knowledge, we must begin with our senses

5. How our senses differ from animals

5.1. All forms of life have nutritive, reproductive, and locomotive power

5.2. Animals differ by having the power of sensation and perception

5.2.1. More complex animals have intellectual power (problem solving ability)

5.2.2. Humans have a special intellectual power - reason (ability to comprehend universals)