Physics
by Gabriela Melendez
1. 2 kinds of circuits
1.1. series
1.2. parallel
2. Induction
2.1. Within a substance caused by a nearby charged object, without direct contact between the substance and the object and the subject
3. Efficiency
3.1. Is the ratio of the useful energy that comes out of the device to the total energy that went in. Percent of efficiency= E out/ E in x 100
4. Renewable resource
4.1. One that can be reused more than once (eg. Sun and wind)
5. Generators
5.1. Transform the energy of motion into electric current, the magnets inside the generator are rotated by a turbine
6. Conductor And insulator
6.1. conductor
6.1.1. Material that allows electrons to change position (Eg. Copper wire)
6.2. insulator
6.2.1. Solid, liquid, or gas that blocks movement of electrons (Eg. Rubber)
7. Non-renewable resource
7.1. Non renewable: One that can't be replaced once it's used up (coal, Oil)
8. Potential energy
8.1. Measured by a voltmeter
8.2. Energy stored in an object
8.3. Also known as Voltage or Volt
8.4. The difference in electrical potential energy between 2 points in a circle
9. Safety device for electricity
9.1. Fuse: is a safety device that has a low melting point. If the electrical gets dangerously hot the fuse melts on to the circuit stopping the flow
9.2. Circuit breaker: Same thing as a fuse but instead of melting it has a a spring mechanism that turns off the electric flow when the wires get to hot
9.3. Three-Prong Plug: The third prong connects the device to the ground wire of the building, this sends any unwanted current flow directly to the ground
9.4. GFCI: Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter is a device that when it detects a change in current it opens the circuit which stops the current flow.
10. kw*h
10.1. Means Kilowatt per hour
10.2. Measures the amount of electrical energy consumption
10.3. 1kW= 1000W
11. Calculating unknown quantity of volts, current and resistance
11.1. Known: V, I Unknown: R
11.1.1. R=V/I
11.2. Known: I Unknown: R
11.2.1. V=IR
11.3. Known: V Unknown: I
11.3.1. I=V/R
12. Static electricity rules
12.1. Opposite charges attract
12.2. Similar charges repel
12.3. Only electrons move from one object to another
13. Electrochemical cell
13.1. Made out of 2 parts, 1 electrolyte and 2 electrodes
13.1.1. Electrolyte: Is a liquid or a paste that conducts electricity because it contains chemicals that form ions
13.1.2. Electrodes: Are metal strips that react with the electrolyte
14. Law of attraction And repulsion
14.1. Law of attraction
14.1.1. Particle with opposite charge attract
14.2. Law of repulsion
14.2.1. Particles with the same charges repel
15. Static
15.1. it's an Electric charge that builds On the surface of the object
15.2. Static electricity
16. Low and high resistance
16.1. Low: Metals
16.2. High: All substances resist electrons
16.2.1. When a current resist electrons it causes it to heat up and produce light
16.3. Resistance
16.3.1. Measured in Ohms and by an Ohmmeter
16.3.2. Example: Light bulb filament