Esophageal Cancer

1. Diagnostic Tests

2. Treatments

3. Patterns of Injury

4. -A growth of neoplasm in the middle or lower portion of the esophagus. -Esophageal CA has often metastasized by the time of diagnosis

5. Pathophysiology

6. -Dysphagia -Pain with swallowing -Substernal pain that radiates to back and neck. -Choking -Sore throat -Esophageal obstruction (late sign esophageal CA)

7. Barium swallow CT, MRI, PET, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (biopsy) Endoscopic ultrasound (staging)

8. -Radiation or chemotherapy -Radiofrequency ablation, Types of surgery: Esophagectomy Esophagogastrostomy Esophagogastrectomy Esophagoenterostomy

9. -Metastasis to the liver or lung is common. -Lesions can extend to aorta causing hemorrhaging. -Esophageal obstruction and perforation Death

10. Causes/Risk Factors

11. Signs/Symptoms

12. -Age -Gender -Gastroesophageal reflux disease -Barrett’s esophagus -Tobacco and alcohol -Obesity -Diet -Achalasia -Tylosis -Plummer -Vinson syndrome -Workplace exposures -Injury to the esophagus -History of certain other cancers -Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection

13. -Squamous -Adenocarcinoma

14. Chronic Inflammation (GERD)

15. Normal Squamous Epthilium

16. Barrett's Intestinal Meteplasia

17. Low Grade Dysplasia

18. High Grade Dysplasia

19. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma