1. Motivation theories
1.1. Natural vs. Rational
1.1.1. based on whether the underlying theory of human cognition is based on natural forces (drives, needs, desires) or some kind of rationality (instrumentality, meaningfulness, self-identity)
1.2. Content vs. Process
1.2.1. based on whether the focus is on the content ("what") motivates vs process ("how") motivation takes place
1.3. Incentive theories
1.3.1. Intrinsic motivation
1.3.1.1. the self-desire to seek out new things and new challenges, to analyze one's capacity, to observe and to gain knowledge
1.3.2. Extrinsic motivation
1.3.2.1. comes from influences outside of the individual
2. Equation of Motivation
2.1. Motivation = Expectancy * Instrumentality * Valence
2.1.1. M (motivation) is the amount a person will be motivated by the situation they find themselves in. It is a function of the following
2.1.2. E (expectancy) = The person's perception that effort will result in performance
2.1.3. I (instrumentality) = The person's perception that performance will be rewarded/punished
2.1.4. V(valence) = The perceived strength of the reward or punishment that will result from the performance
3. what is motivation?
3.1. Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to make an effort to attain a goal.
3.2. the reason for people's actions, desires, and needs. Motivation is also one's direction to behavior, or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior
3.3. A motive is what prompts the person to act in a certain way, or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior
3.4. word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts
4. applications
4.1. Education
4.1.1. Direct behavior toward particular goals Lead to increased effort and energy Increase initiation of, and persistence in, activities Enhance cognitive processing Determine what consequences are reinforcing Lead to improved performance
4.2. Business
4.2.1. employees always look for better ways to do a job. employees are more quality oriented. workers are more productive.
5. Motivation Types
5.1. 1. Rewards / incentives
5.1.1. I want to get [specific reward]
5.2. 2. Fear of consequences
5.2.1. I want to avoid [bad thing]
5.3. 3. Achievement
5.3.1. I want to achieve [triumph, milestone, award, public recognition
5.4. 4. Growth
5.4.1. I want to feel like I am continually improving, progressing, moving forward
5.5. 5. Power
5.5.1. “I want to feel strong, powerful and influential"
5.6. 6. Social factors
5.6.1. “I want to feel a sense of belonging, like I am part of a tribe, coven or community.”