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PHYSICS by Mind Map: PHYSICS

1. RELATIVITY

1.1. Albert Einstein discovered two things: The laws of nature are the same for everyone, and the speed of light is the same for everyone.

1.2. Einstein realized that the speed of light is a constant 186,000 miles/second (300,000 kilometers/second), and that nothing could exceed it

2. THERMODYNAMICS

2.1. Zeroth law of thermodynamics – If two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

2.2. First law of thermodynamics – Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only change forms. In any process, the total energy of the universe remains the same. For a thermodynamic cycle the net heat supplied to the system equals the net work done by the system.

2.3. Second law of thermodynamics – The entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time, approaching a maximum value at equilibrium.

2.4. Third law of thermodynamics – As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a constant minimum.

3. CLASSICAL MECHANICS

3.1. Objects at rest will remain at rest, and objects in motion will remain in motion at the same velocity, unless the object is acted on by an external force.

3.2. Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma)

3.3. When one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

4. ELECTROMAGNETISM

4.1. Electric charges attract or repel one another with a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: unlike charges attract, like ones repel.

4.2. Magnetic poles (or states of polarization at individual points) attract or repel one another in a manner similar to positive and negative charges and always exist as pairs: every north pole is yoked to a south pole.

4.3. An electric current inside a wire creates a corresponding circumferential magnetic field outside the wire. Its direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) depends on the direction of the current in the wire.

4.4. A current is induced in a loop of wire when it is moved toward or away from a magnetic field, or a magnet is moved towards or away from it; the direction of current depends on that of the movement.