1. Sequestration/Destruction
1.1. Consumption
1.1.1. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (eg, associated with sepsis, acute promyelocytic leukemia)
1.2. Splenomegaly
1.2.1. Portal hypertension/cirrhosis
1.2.2. Infections (EBV)
1.2.3. Autoimmune disorders (SLE, RA/Felty syndrome)
1.2.4. Malignancies (lymphomas, MPN)
1.2.5. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
1.2.6. Storage diseases (eg, Gaucher)
2. BM Infiltration
2.1. Malignant
2.1.1. Acute leukemias
2.1.2. Chronic leukemias/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)
2.1.3. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
2.1.4. Multiple myeloma
2.1.5. Metastatic cancer
2.2. Non-malignant
2.2.1. Myelofibrosis
2.2.2. Infectious (eg, fungal, tuberculous)
2.2.3. Storage diseases
3. BM Failure
3.1. Immune destruction/suppression
3.1.1. Aplastic anemia/PNH
3.1.2. Medications
3.1.3. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia
3.1.4. Autoimmune disorders (SLE, RA, sarcoidosis)
3.1.5. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
3.2. Nutritional
3.2.1. Megaloblastic (vitamin B12, folate)
3.2.2. Excessive alcohol
3.2.3. Others (copper deficiency, zinc toxicity)
3.2.4. Malnutrition/anorexia nervosa with gelatinous degeneration
3.3. Marrow suppression
3.3.1. Viral infection (HIV, hepatitis, EBV)
3.4. Ineffective hematopoiesis
3.4.1. MDS
3.4.2. Nutritional