1. how. what, when, where, why
1.1. Purpose: To begin on interview
1.2. To encourage helpee elaboration
1.3. To motivate helpee to communicate
2. DASIE MODEL
2.1. It is a systematic five-stage model or set of guidelines for helper choices to manage problems.
3. DASIE MODEL OVERVIEW
3.1. Life skills helping has preventive and development as well as problem management goals.
3.1.1. Being an educational approach, life skills helping lends itself to both individual and group training interventions.
3.1.1.1. Life skills helpers assist clients to alter underlying patterns of problematic skills.
3.1.1.1.1. Many problems occur in repetitive cycles.
4. Gerard Egan Skilled helper Model
4.1. Essential Therapeutic Orientations
4.2. The Ergan Skilled Helper
4.3. approach clients to become active interpreters of the world, giving meanings to actions, events and situations, facing and overcoming challenges, exploring problems issues.
4.4. The Skilled Helper aims to help their clients develop & the knowledge necessary to solve both their current problems issues and ones that may arise in the future.
4.4.1. helps their client to transfer newly acquired skills and knowledge to fresh situations, facilitates them in establishing appropriate and realistic goals.
5. Egan Stage 1 - Exploration
5.1. Exploring the client's existing situation
5.2. Purpose of stage 1 : to build a non-threatening counselling relationship and help the client explore their situation and then focus on chosen issues.
5.3. Egan Stage II - Helping the client establish aims and goals.
5.3.1. Purpose : to help facilitate the client in developing a more depth and objective understanding of their situation.
5.4. Egan Stage III - Help the client to develop strategies
5.4.1. Help the client to cope with current problems and assist in the learning of new skills that will enable them to live more effectively in the future.
6. 5 STAGE DASIE MODEL
6.1. Stage 1: Develop the relationship, identify and clarify problems
6.2. Stage 2: Assess problem and redefine in skills terms
6.2.1. Stage 3: State working goals and plan interventions.
6.2.2. Stage 4: Intervene to develop self-helping skills.
6.2.2.1. Stage 5: End and consolidate self-helping skills.
7. Helper warmth & caring
7.1. Warmth is a condition of friendliness and considerateness manifested by smiling, eye contact and nonverbal attending behaviours
7.2. Caring is a term closely related to warmth, showing compassion and genuine concern about the welfare of the helpee.
8. Helper Positive Regards & Respect
8.1. Respect the helpee individually and worth as persons.
8.2. It says to helpees that they are free to be themselves and that they will be respected for it.
8.3. Respect the helpee indiviually and worth as persons.
9. Five Basic of Types of listening
9.1. Non-listening
9.2. the receiver may be hearing but is not paying.
9.3. Selective-listening
9.4. refers to the receiver's screening certain types of messages or information and paying attention to others. Focusing on facts rather than feelings.
9.5. Pretend listening
9.6. looks like listening but the receiver is actually nonlistening, is thinking about something else.
9.7. Self-focused listening
9.8. concentrates on the perspective of the listener. It involves judging, interpreting, and experiencing the information as it impacts the listener.
9.9. Emphatic listening
9.10. hearing the message and accurately understanding the sender's perspective. Empathy means understanding the experience of the other person, in terms of that person, in terms of that persons's thoughts, feelings or behaviours.
10. Encourages
10.1. variety of verbal and non verbal ways of prompting clients to continue talking.
10.2. Non-verbal minimal responses such as a nod of the head or positive facial expressions
10.2.1. Verbal minimal responses such as "Uh-huh" and "I hear what you're saying"
11. Closes and Open ended Questions
11.1. Helpers use questions to ask people to expand on points, start conversations, obtaion specific illustrations, check perceptions and obtain information.
11.1.1. 1H4W
12. one way of expressing to helpees that we are in their frame of reference. Skillful use of reflecting depends on the the helper's ability to identify feelings and cues for feelings, from body cues as well as words.
12.1. Reflection skills represent a set of interventions used to help stimulate clients' exploration of their thoughts and feelings related to the presenting problems.
12.1.1. Reflection of feelings
12.1.1.1. can promote the development of accurate emphaty and help to create a safe environment for the client.
13. By the way, this is a floating topic. To create a floating topic, simply drag it away from the map center.
14. Getting started
14.1. Add a sibling idea by hitting ENTER
14.2. This is a sibling idea
14.3. Add a child idea by hitting TAB
14.3.1. This is a child idea
14.4. Choose icons and images to decorate your mind map
14.5. Connect topics with the arrow tool in the upper left corner of your screen
14.6. Add links, tasks or files to your topics, using the widgets in the sidebar
14.7. Change your map layout by opening the layout options in the upper left corner of your screen
14.8. Advanced
14.8.1. Open the Theme menu from the bottom of your map editor to change your map theme
14.8.2. Create a presentation of your mind map by clicking the presentation icon in the bottom left corner of your screen
14.8.2.1. Simply hold down COMMAND i.e. CTRL and Click & Drag to create a slide for one or multiple topics
14.8.2.2. Set transitions for your slides
14.8.2.3. Click "Start Slideshow" to view your presentation
14.8.3. Open the Sharing Settings from the bottom of your map editor to share the map with a friend or publish it to the web
14.8.3.1. You can share your map with anyone via email
14.8.3.2. You can publish your map and enable anyone with an internet access to find it
14.8.3.3. You can embed your map on a blog or website
15. THE HELPING PROCESS
15.1. Takes place in a relationship
15.2. The helping relationship is dynamic, that is constantly changing at verbal and nonverbal levels.
15.3. The relationship is the principal process vehicle for both helper and helpee to express and fullfill their needs.
15.4. The relationship is the primary means for meshing helpee problems with helper expertise.
15.5. Relationship emphasizes the "affective" mode, because relationship is commonly defined as the inferred emotional quality of the interaction.
16. Stages in the helping process
16.1. Entry
16.2. Clarification
16.3. Structure
16.4. Relationship
16.5. Exploration
16.6. Consolidation
16.7. Planning
16.8. Termination
17. Helper as facilitator
18. Helper Emphaty
18.1. Emphaty is the principal route to understand helpees and allowing them to feel understood.
18.2. Emphatic Listening
18.3. Emphatic listening is listening at its deepest level. When we listen emphatically, we try to step out of our own perspective. Emphatic listening requires listening non-judgementally.
18.4. Non-judgementally listening does not mean that we agree with what a person is saying, only that we are willing to step out of ourselves long enough to see how the person views what he or she is saying.
19. Basic counselling skills
19.1. Attending behaviour
19.2. Close and open ended questions
19.3. Encourages
19.4. Paraphrase
19.5. summary
19.6. Reflection
19.7. Confrontation
20. Paraphrase
20.1. method of restating the helpee's basic message in similar, but usually fewer words.
20.1.1. Purpose of paraphrasing
20.1.2. To convey that you are understanding him/her
20.1.3. Help the client by simplifying and focusing on what they said
20.1.4. May encourage the client to elaborate
20.1.5. Provide a check on the accuracy of your perceptions
21. Summary
21.1. Summarizing skills include attention to what the helpee says, how it is said(feelings), it involves tying together into one statement several ideas and feelings at the end of a discussion or the end of an interview.
21.1.1. 3 common types of summaries
21.1.2. Focusing summaries- used at the beginning of the session to pull together prior information the client has given and to provide a focus to the session
21.1.2.1. Signal summaries- used to 'signal' to the client that you have captured the essence of their topic and that the session can move on to the next area of concern
21.1.2.1.1. Planning summaries- help to provide closure and are used to recap the progress, plans, any recommendations made.
22. Attending Behaviour
22.1. Attending is the behavioral aspect of building rapport. When a counsellor first meets with a client, they must indicate to the client that tehy are interested in listeningto them and helping them.
22.2. Square, Open, Lean, Eye, Relaxed
23. Reflection
23.1. Purpose of reflection
23.1.1. Helps clients
23.1.1.1. Feel understood, express more feelings, manage feelings.
24. Confrotation
24.1. as a counselling skills is an attempt by the counsellor to gently bring abiut awareness in the client of something that may they may overlooked or avoided.
24.1.1. 4 discrepancies which the client could display
24.1.2. Thoughts and feelings
24.1.3. Thoughts and actions
24.1.3.1. Feelings and actions
24.1.3.2. a combination of thoughts, feelings and actions.