1. TOPIC 1
1.1. EARTH DESCRIPTION
1.1.1. Eratosthenes of Cyrene
1.1.2. Strabo
1.1.3. Ptolemy
1.1.4. Marco Polo
1.1.5. Alexander Von Humboldt
1.1.6. Carl Ritter
1.1.7. Friedrich Ratzel
1.1.8. Emmanuel D’Martone
1.2. Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
1.3. Multidisciplinary science
1.3.1. Ecology
1.4. Urbanism
1.4.1. Architecture
1.4.1.1. Tourism
1.5. History
1.5.1. Geographical space
1.5.1.1. Natural resources
1.6. THE BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
1.6.1. Physical geography
1.6.2. Human geography
1.6.3. Biological geography
1.7. Geographical phenomena
1.7.1. Geographical facts
1.8. LANDSCAPE
1.8.1. Natural landscape
1.8.1.1. Soil
1.8.1.2. Water
1.8.1.3. Climate
1.8.1.4. Flora
1.8.1.5. Fauna
1.8.2. Cultural landscape
1.8.2.1. Population
1.8.2.2. Production
1.8.2.3. Communication
2. TOPIC 2
2.1. Methodological Principles
2.1.1. Location
2.1.1.1. Latitude
2.1.1.2. Longitude
2.1.1.3. Altitude
2.1.2. Causality
2.1.3. Relation
2.1.4. Generality
2.1.5. Evolution
2.2. Geographical references
2.2.1. Earth’s axis
2.2.2. Pole Axis
2.3. Greenwich Meridian
2.3.1. Hemispheres
2.3.1.1. Meridian
2.3.1.2. Oriental
2.3.1.3. Occidental
2.4. Parallels
2.4.1. Tropic of Cancer
2.4.2. Tropic of Capricorn
2.5. Polar Circles
2.5.1. Arctic Circle
2.5.2. Antarctic Circle
2.6. Cartography
2.6.1. Maps
2.6.1.1. Historical maps
2.6.1.2. Human maps
2.6.1.3. Physical maps
2.6.2. Maps Elements
2.6.2.1. Scale
2.6.2.2. Legend
2.6.2.3. Compass rose
2.6.3. Most Important Maps
2.6.3.1. Topographical maps
2.6.3.2. Land use maps
2.6.3.3. Geological maps
2.6.3.4. Edaphological maps
2.6.3.5. Climatological maps
2.6.3.6. Urban map
2.7. Map projections
2.7.1. Terrestrial Globe or Geographical Globe
2.7.2. Mercator or cylindrical
2.7.3. Conic
2.7.4. Azimuthal equal area projection
2.7.5. Equidistant, Equal Area
2.7.6. Mollweide
2.7.7. Goode Homolosine
3. TOPIC 3
3.1. Galaxies
3.1.1. Variability
3.2. Edwin Hubble
3.2.1. Spiral shape
3.2.2. Elliptic shape
3.2.3. Irregular shape
3.3. Solar System
3.3.1. Nebular theory
3.3.2. Catastrophic theory
3.3.3. Alastair G. W. Cameron theory
3.3.3.1. Planets
3.3.3.2. Satellites
3.3.4. Weizsäcker
3.3.4.1. Planets
3.3.4.2. Satellites
3.3.4.3. The gas-and-dust cloud hypothesis
3.4. Components of the Solar System
3.4.1. Planets
3.4.1.1. IAU
3.4.1.1.1. Mercury
3.4.1.1.2. Venus
3.4.1.1.3. Earth
3.4.1.1.4. Mars
3.4.1.1.5. Jupiter
3.4.1.1.6. Saturn
3.4.1.1.7. Uranus
3.4.1.1.8. Neptune
3.4.2. Asteroids
3.4.3. Satellites
3.4.4. Meteoroids / meteorites / meteors
3.4.5. Comets
3.4.6. Sun
3.4.6.1. Six Regions
3.4.6.1.1. Core
3.4.6.1.2. Radiative Zone
3.4.6.1.3. Convective Zone
3.4.6.1.4. Photosphere
3.4.6.1.5. Chromosphere
3.4.6.1.6. Corona
3.5. The Moon
3.5.1. New Moon
3.5.2. First Quarter
3.5.3. Full Moon
3.5.4. Last Quarter
3.6. Earth
3.6.1. Fundamental Movements
3.6.1.1. Rotational Movement
3.6.1.2. Revolutionary Movement
3.6.1.2.1. Seasons
3.6.2. Other Movements
3.6.2.1. Precession
3.6.2.2. Nutation
4. TOPIC 4
4.1. Earth Layers
4.1.1. Nucleus
4.1.1.1. Internal Nucleus
4.1.1.2. Discontinuity
4.1.1.3. External Nucleus
4.1.2. Gutenberg discontinuity
4.1.3. Mantle
4.1.3.1. Lower mantle
4.1.3.2. Repetti discontinuity
4.1.3.3. Upper mantle.
4.1.3.3.1. Magma
4.1.4. Crust
4.1.4.1. Oceanic crust
4.1.4.2. Continental crust
4.1.4.2.1. Granitic rocks
4.1.4.2.2. Conrad discontinuity
4.1.4.2.3. Basaltic rocks
4.1.5. Lithosphere
4.2. Tectonic Plates
4.2.1. Bigger plates
4.2.2. Smaller plates
4.3. Endogenous factors
4.3.1. Earthquakes
4.3.2. Volcanoes
4.4. Exogenous factors
4.4.1. Erosion
4.4.2. Rock fractures
4.4.3. human activity
4.5. Landscape forms
4.5.1. Mountains
4.5.1.1. Massifs
4.5.1.2. Range
4.5.2. Plateaus
4.5.3. Plains
4.6. Volcanism
4.6.1. Volcano
4.6.1.1. Magma reservoir or chamber
4.6.1.2. Conduit
4.6.1.3. Crater
4.6.1.4. Volcanic cone
4.7. Seismicity
4.7.1. Earthquake
4.7.1.1. Seismic waves
4.7.1.1.1. Hypocenter
4.7.1.1.2. Focus
4.7.1.1.3. Epicenter
4.8. External forces
4.8.1. Weathering
4.8.1.1. Physical weathering
4.8.1.2. Chemical weathering
4.8.2. Erosion or degradation
4.8.2.1. Eolic
4.8.2.2. Pluvial
4.8.2.3. Fluvial
4.8.2.4. Glacial
4.8.2.5. Karst erosion
4.8.2.6. Marine
4.8.2.7. Anthropic
4.8.2.8. Biologic
4.9. Geology
4.9.1. Substrate
4.9.1.1. Rocks
4.9.2. Paleontology
4.9.2.1. Fossils
4.10. Geological Eras Characteristics
4.10.1. Precambrian
4.10.2. Paleozoic
4.10.3. Mesozoic
4.10.4. Cenozoic
4.10.5. Quaternary
5. TOPIC 5
5.1. The atmosphere
5.1.1. Physical properties
5.1.1.1. Mobility
5.1.1.2. Color
5.1.1.3. Compressibility
5.1.1.4. Expansibility
5.1.1.5. Diathermancy
5.1.2. Chemical properties
5.1.2.1. Oxidizing agent
5.2. Atmospheric layers
5.2.1. Troposphere
5.2.2. Stratosphere
5.2.2.1. Tropopause
5.2.2.2. Ozone
5.2.2.3. Layer
5.2.3. Mesosphere
5.2.4. Ionosphere or Thermosphere
5.2.5. Exosphere
5.3. Climate
5.3.1. Meteorology
5.3.1.1. Meteorological phenomena
5.3.1.1.1. Precipitation
5.3.1.1.2. Temperature
5.3.1.1.3. Atmospheric pressure
5.3.1.1.4. Wind
5.4. Factors that affect the atmospheric temperature
5.4.1. Latitude
5.4.2. Altitude
5.4.3. Distance from the sea
5.4.4. Seasons
5.4.5. Cloudiness
5.4.6. Humidity
5.4.6.1. Hygrometer
5.5. The Climate Zones
5.5.1. Torrid zone
5.5.2. Temperate zones
5.5.3. Polar zones
6. ECOLOGY
6.1. TOPIC 6
6.1.1. Hydrosphere
6.1.2. Physicochemical Properties
6.1.3. The Water Cycle
6.1.3.1. Evaporation
6.1.3.2. Condensation
6.1.3.3. Precipitation
6.1.3.4. Runoff
6.1.3.5. Infiltration
6.1.4. The urban Water Cycle
6.1.4.1. Supply
6.1.4.2. Purification
6.1.4.3. Distribution
6.1.4.4. Consumption
6.1.4.5. Sewer
6.1.4.6. Treatment
6.1.4.7. Discharge
6.1.5. Seawater
6.1.5.1. Pacific Ocean
6.1.5.2. Atlantic Ocean
6.1.5.3. Indian Ocean
6.1.5.4. Arctic Ocean
6.1.5.5. Antartic Ocean
6.1.6. Sea
6.1.6.1. Mainly Enclosed Seas
6.1.6.2. Partly Enclosed Seas
6.1.7. Hypersaline Lakes
6.1.7.1. Bays
6.1.7.2. Gulfs
6.1.7.3. Coves
6.1.7.4. Fjords
6.1.8. Physical Properties
6.1.9. Chemical Properties
6.1.9.1. Salinity
6.1.10. Fresh Water
6.1.10.1. Continental Water
6.1.10.1.1. Rivers
6.1.10.1.2. Lakes
6.1.10.1.3. Groundwater
6.1.10.1.4. Glaciers
6.1.10.1.5. Lentic
6.2. TOPIC 7
6.2.1. Physical Geography
6.2.1.1. Biogeography
6.2.1.2. Meteorology
6.2.1.3. Hydrology
6.2.1.4. Geology
6.2.1.5. Geophysics
6.2.2. Most important auxiliary sciences
6.2.2.1. Anthropology
6.2.2.2. Demography
6.2.2.3. History
6.2.2.4. Economy
6.2.2.5. Political Science
6.2.3. Population geography
6.2.3.1. Censuses
6.2.3.2. Population
6.2.3.3. Economic
6.2.4. Economic censuses
6.2.4.1. Demographic indicators
6.2.4.1.1. Birth rate
6.2.4.1.2. Mortality rate
6.2.4.1.3. Infant mortality rate
6.2.4.1.4. Population growth rate
6.2.4.1.5. Fertility rate
6.2.4.1.6. Human sex ratio
6.2.4.1.7. Literacy - illiteracy
6.2.4.1.8. Life expectancy
6.2.5. Economic geography
6.2.5.1. Goods’ needs
6.2.5.2. Production
6.2.5.3. Satisfaction
6.2.6. Primary sector
6.2.7. Secondary sector
6.2.7.1. Globalization
6.2.8. Tertiary sector
6.2.9. Influences different aspects
6.2.9.1. Economics
6.2.9.2. Politics
6.2.9.3. Social
6.2.9.4. Cultural
6.3. TOPIC 8
6.3.1. Ecology
6.3.2. The Branches of Ecology
6.3.2.1. Autecology
6.3.2.2. Synecology
6.3.2.3. Population Ecology
6.3.2.4. Ecosystem Ecology
6.3.3. Method of Study
6.3.3.1. Scientific method
6.3.3.1.1. Observe and measure phenomena or characterization
6.3.3.1.2. Form Hypothesis
6.3.3.1.3. Experiment
6.3.3.1.4. Make Conclusions
6.3.4. Environment
6.3.4.1. Biotic factors
6.3.4.1.1. Autotrophs
6.3.4.1.2. Heterotrophs
6.3.4.1.3. Decomposers
6.3.4.2. Abiotic factors
6.3.4.2.1. Carbon dioxide
6.3.4.2.2. Soil
6.3.4.2.3. Water
6.3.4.2.4. Atmosphere
6.3.4.2.5. Solar Energy
6.4. TOPIC 9
6.4.1. Population ecology
6.4.2. Population
6.4.2.1. Factors
6.4.2.1.1. Emergent properties of populations
6.4.3. Demographic Parameters
6.4.3.1. Birth rate
6.4.3.2. Mortality rate
6.4.3.3. Immigration rate
6.4.3.3.1. Entering
6.4.3.4. Emigration rate
6.4.3.4.1. Leaving
6.4.4. Factors that regulate population growth
6.4.4.1. Abiotic
6.4.4.2. Disasters
6.4.4.3. Biotic
6.4.4.3.1. Competition
6.4.4.3.2. Predation
6.4.4.3.3. Mutuality
6.4.4.3.4. Amensalism
6.4.4.3.5. Commensalism
6.4.5. Intrinsic factor
6.4.6. Extrinsic Factor
6.5. TOPIC 10
6.5.1. Communities
6.5.2. Habitat
6.5.3. Biomes
6.5.4. Emergent Properties
6.5.4.1. Species richness
6.5.4.2. Composition
6.5.4.3. Structure
6.5.4.3.1. Horizontal stratification
6.5.4.3.2. Vertical stratification
6.5.4.4. Physiognomy
6.5.4.5. Diversity
6.5.4.6. Successional status
6.5.5. Succession Dynamics
6.5.5.1. Disturbances
6.5.5.2. Catastrophe