INTRODUCTION TO PHONETIC

1. The Production of Consonant

1.1. Place of Articulation

1.1.1. Bilabial

1.1.2. Labio Dental

1.1.3. Dental

1.1.4. Alveolar

1.1.5. Retroflix

1.1.6. Palata Alveolar

1.1.7. Palatal

1.1.8. Velar

1.1.9. Velar

1.1.10. Labio-Velar

1.1.11. Glottal

1.2. Manner of Articulation

1.2.1. Stop

1.2.2. Africate

1.2.3. Fricative

1.2.4. Approximant

1.2.5. Nasal

1.2.6. Lateral

1.3. The State of Glottis

1.3.1. Voiced

1.3.2. Voiceless

1.4. The Airstream Mechanism

2. The Production of Vowels

2.1. Position of Tongue

2.1.1. Front

2.1.2. Central

2.1.3. Back

2.2. Shape of Mouth

2.2.1. Rounded

2.2.2. Unrounded

2.3. Condition of Mouth

2.3.1. Close

2.3.2. Half-Close

2.3.3. Open

2.3.4. Half-Open

2.4. Position of Jaw

2.4.1. Low

2.4.2. Back

2.4.3. Mid