1. Types of bones
1.1. Long bones
1.1.1. Strong
1.1.2. Broad at the ends where they join with other bones
1.1.3. Have large surface for muscle attachment
1.1.4. They are found in thighs, lower legs and upper and lower arms
1.2. Flat bones
1.2.1. They cover soft body parts
1.2.2. They are found in shoulder blades, ribs and pelvic bones
1.3. Sesamoid bones
1.3.1. Small
1.3.2. Rounded
1.3.3. They increase the efficiency of muscles
1.4. Short bones
1.4.1. Small
1.4.2. Irregular shapes
1.4.3. They are found in wrists and ankles
2. Bone structure
2.1. Diaphysis
2.1.1. The shaft or middle region of long bones
2.2. Epiphysis
2.2.1. The end of long bones
2.3. Epiphyseal line
2.3.1. An area of cartilage tissue that is constantly replaces by new bone tissue as the bone grows
2.3.2. Also known as the growth plate
2.4. Metaphysis
2.4.1. Flared portion of the bone
2.4.2. It lies between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
2.4.3. It is adacent to the epiphysis plate
2.4.4. It lies between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
2.5. Periosteum
2.5.1. Strong, fibrous, vascular membrane
2.5.2. It covers the surface of long bones, except at the ends of the epiphyses
2.5.3. It has extensive nerve supply
2.6. Articular cartilage
2.6.1. It covers ends of bones that form a joint
2.6.2. Smooth, strong, slich tissue
2.7. Compact (cortical) bone
2.7.1. Layer of hard, dense bone under periosteum in all bones and around diaphysis of long bones
2.8. Cancellous bone
2.8.1. Also called spongy or trabecular bone
2.8.2. It is much more porous and less dense than compact bone