1. Buying & Selling Softwood Lumber and Panels
1.1. Shipping
1.1.1. Rail
1.1.1.1. Overview
1.1.1.1.1. Pros
1.1.1.1.2. Cons
1.1.1.1.3. Routing
1.1.1.1.4. Tariff Rates & Contract Rates
1.1.1.1.5. How to get a rate
1.1.1.1.6. Rail Equipment
1.1.1.2. Rail Rates
1.1.1.2.1. Weight-Based Rates
1.1.1.2.2. Per Charge Rates
1.1.1.2.3. Proportional Rates
1.1.1.2.4. Getting Rates & Routes
1.1.1.3. Notes
1.1.1.3.1. Shipping Unsold Lumber
1.1.2. Trucking
1.1.2.1. Overview
1.1.2.1.1. Pros
1.1.2.1.2. Cons
1.1.2.2. Rate Structure
1.1.2.2.1. $ / Loaded Mile
1.1.2.2.2. $ / hundredweight
1.1.2.3. Notes
1.1.2.3.1. Tarp Charges
1.1.2.3.2. Stopover Charges
1.1.2.3.3. Surcharges
1.1.2.3.4. Insurance
1.1.2.3.5. Authority
1.1.2.3.6. Deadhead Miles
1.1.2.3.7. Back hauls
1.1.3. Containers
1.1.3.1. Overview
1.1.3.1.1. Pros
1.1.3.1.2. Cons
1.1.3.2. Rate Structure
1.1.3.2.1. Other Services
1.1.3.3. Notes
1.1.3.3.1. Loading / Unloading
1.2. The 20 Key Questions of Panel Trading
1.2.1. Characteristics of Panel Trading
1.2.1.1. Structural or non-structural panels?
1.2.1.1.1. structural held to grade specs
1.2.1.1.2. non structural no performance guarentee
1.2.1.2. Plywood or OSB?
1.2.1.2.1. Plywood
1.2.1.2.2. OSB
1.2.1.2.3. PS 1 and PS2
1.2.1.3. What is the durability?
1.2.1.3.1. moisture exposure
1.2.1.3.2. exterior rated panels
1.2.1.3.3. exposure 1
1.2.1.4. What is the species?
1.2.1.4.1. only applies to plywood
1.2.1.4.2. different species different strength ratings
1.2.1.4.3. all species tested
1.2.1.5. What is the Grade?
1.2.1.5.1. plywood grades
1.2.1.5.2. OSB grades
1.2.1.6. What is the surfacing?
1.2.1.6.1. Sanding/Not Sanding
1.2.1.6.2. Texturing
1.2.1.7. What is the span rating?
1.2.1.7.1. recommended center-to-center spacing
1.2.1.8. What does the grade stamp say?
1.2.1.8.1. all plywood and osb marked
1.2.1.9. What is the size of the panel?
1.2.1.9.1. Width and Length
1.2.1.9.2. Thickness
1.2.1.10. Are there edge issues?
1.2.1.10.1. tongue and groove defect?
1.2.1.10.2. miscuts?
1.2.2. Packaging of Panels
1.2.2.1. How many pieces per unit?
1.2.2.1.1. Unit Sizes
1.2.2.2. How are the panels protected?
1.2.2.2.1. Paper Wrapped
1.2.2.2.2. Poly Wrapped
1.2.2.2.3. Van
1.2.3. Shipping
1.2.3.1. How much do the panels weigh?
1.2.3.1.1. crucial to shipping
1.2.3.2. What is the method of shipment?
1.2.3.2.1. Box cars
1.2.3.2.2. Flat Cars
1.2.3.2.3. Trucks/Containers/Vans
1.2.3.3. What is the shipment time?
1.2.3.3.1. see lumber questions
1.2.3.4. What is the delivery address?
1.2.3.4.1. see lumber questions
1.2.4. Pricing & Payment Terms
1.2.4.1. What is the price?
1.2.4.1.1. priced in $/msf
1.2.4.2. What is the credit status?
1.2.4.2.1. see lumber questions
1.2.4.3. What are the terms of payment?
1.2.4.3.1. see lumber questions
1.2.4.4. What is the customer's order number?
1.2.4.4.1. see lumber questions
1.3. The Business of Trading
1.3.1. A Day in the life
1.3.1.1. Who to buy from?
1.3.1.1.1. Industry Directories
1.3.1.1.2. Information from credit agencies
1.3.1.1.3. Commercial sellers of lists
1.3.1.1.4. Phone Books & Yellow Pages
1.3.1.1.5. Industry Associations
1.3.1.1.6. Grading Agency membership lists
1.3.1.1.7. Old accounts / suppliers
1.3.1.1.8. The Internet
1.3.1.2. Develop Accounts
1.3.1.2.1. Time
1.3.1.2.2. Willingness to learn
1.3.1.2.3. Patience
1.3.1.2.4. Practice
1.3.2. Philosophy
1.3.2.1. People Business
1.3.2.1.1. No Paper Trail
1.3.2.1.2. High Volume
1.3.2.1.3. High Value
1.3.2.1.4. High Complexity
1.3.2.2. How Mills differentiate products
1.3.2.2.1. Grading Agencies created to standardize
1.3.2.2.2. Unique Marketing Strategy
1.3.2.2.3. WHO is selling their products
1.3.2.2.4. Quality
1.3.2.3. Order-at-a-time, everyday business
1.3.2.4. Don't look back
1.3.2.5. Contract Business
1.3.3. Speculation & Risk
1.3.3.1. Manufacturers
1.3.3.1.1. Classes
1.3.3.1.2. Activities
1.3.3.1.3. Speculation
1.3.3.2. Reselling / Service Businesses
1.3.3.2.1. Primary Class
1.3.3.2.2. Activity
1.3.3.2.3. Speculation
1.3.3.3. Retailers / End Users
1.3.3.3.1. Classes
1.3.3.3.2. Activities
1.3.3.3.3. Speculation
1.3.4. Service Aspect
1.3.4.1. Marketing
1.3.4.2. Transportation
1.3.4.3. Credit
1.3.4.4. Claims
1.3.4.5. Speculation
1.3.5. Inventory Control
1.3.5.1. Just-In-Time Buying
1.3.5.2. Vendor Managed Inventory
1.3.5.3. Electronic Data Interface (EDI)
1.4. The Futures Market
1.4.1. Lumber Futures
1.4.2. What is a futures contract?
1.4.3. Timing of the Contract
1.4.4. Why Trade or follow futures market?
1.4.4.1. hedging
1.4.4.2. how is a hedge applied?
1.4.4.3. only 2x4?
1.4.4.4. the basis
1.4.4.5. convergence
1.4.4.6. other types of hedges
1.4.4.6.1. EFPs
1.4.5. Lumber options
1.4.5.1. opportunity not obligation
1.5. Special Market Sectors
1.5.1. Pressure-Treated Lumber
1.5.1.1. why pressure treated lumber?
1.5.1.2. types of preservative treatment
1.5.1.3. pressure treating process
1.5.1.4. retention levels
1.5.1.5. what does the treatment mark say
1.5.1.6. what does it cost?
1.5.2. Machine Stress-Rated Lumber
1.5.2.1. what is msr?
1.5.2.2. MSR Grades
1.5.3. Non-Panel Engineered Wood Products
1.5.3.1. Finger jointed wood products
1.5.3.1.1. what is the fingerjointing process?
1.5.3.2. Glue-Laminated Beams (Gluelams)
1.5.3.3. Wood I-Joists
1.5.3.4. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
1.5.3.5. Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)
1.5.3.6. Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)
1.5.4. International Markets
1.5.4.1. see regions
1.6. Resolving Claims
1.6.1. What to do when you get a claim in 12 steps
1.6.1.1. Step 1: Settle claims as expeditiously as possible.
1.6.1.2. Step 2: Document clearly and continuously
1.6.1.3. Step 3: Be quiet and listen
1.6.1.4. Step 4: Verify its your load
1.6.1.5. Step 5: Take Charge of the situation
1.6.1.6. Step 6: Start your paper trail
1.6.1.7. Step 7: Make Sure the material is unloaded and stored under cover
1.6.1.8. Step 8: Make sure that the person on the phone has actually seen the problem
1.6.1.9. Step 9: Is this a grade claim or a dissatisfaction issue?
1.6.1.10. Step 10: Exchange evidence of the problem
1.6.1.11. Step 11: How serious in the problem
1.6.1.12. Step 12: ensure that partial payment will be made
1.6.2. Types of Claims
1.6.2.1. Transportation Claims
1.6.2.1.1. Rail Claims
1.6.2.1.2. Truck Claims
1.6.2.1.3. container/van/piggyback
1.6.2.2. General Grade and Manufacturing
1.6.2.2.1. lumber related
1.6.2.2.2. Panel-related
1.6.2.3. Moisture Content
1.6.2.3.1. Lumber related
1.6.2.3.2. Panel related
1.6.2.4. Tally Discrepancies and Shortages
1.6.2.4.1. tally claims
1.6.2.4.2. shortage claims
1.6.2.5. Shipment Time
1.6.2.5.1. distribution yard shipments
1.6.2.5.2. mill shipments
1.6.2.5.3. early shipments
1.6.2.5.4. late shipments
1.6.2.6. Market Claim
1.6.2.7. Complaints
1.6.3. Overview
1.6.3.1. Who's Responsible?
1.6.3.2. Claim Filing limitations
1.7. The 20 Key Questions of Lumber Trading
1.7.1. Characteristics of Lumber
1.7.1.1. What is the species?
1.7.1.1.1. Unique Characteristics
1.7.1.2. What is the dimension?
1.7.1.2.1. nominal description of T & W
1.7.1.2.2. differs from actual measurements
1.7.1.3. What is the grade?
1.7.1.3.1. grades are uniform standards
1.7.1.3.2. Grading Agencies
1.7.1.3.3. Grading Criteria, by thickness
1.7.1.3.4. boards
1.7.1.3.5. factory
1.7.1.3.6. dimension and timbers
1.7.1.4. What is the moisture content?
1.7.1.4.1. what is moisture content?
1.7.1.4.2. how is lumber dried?
1.7.1.4.3. Green (unseasoned)
1.7.1.4.4. Dry
1.7.1.4.5. Moisture Content 15 (MC15)
1.7.1.4.6. Partially Air Dried (PAD)
1.7.1.4.7. Kiln Wet
1.7.1.4.8. Whats Dry
1.7.1.4.9. Whats Green
1.7.1.4.10. Heat Treatment
1.7.1.5. What is the surfacing?
1.7.1.5.1. S2S
1.7.1.5.2. Special Planer Work
1.7.1.5.3. Resawing
1.7.1.5.4. Ripping
1.7.1.5.5. Pattern Work
1.7.1.5.6. Rerun Charges
1.7.1.5.7. Hit and Miss
1.7.1.5.8. Saw-Sizing
1.7.1.5.9. Rough Lumber
1.7.1.5.10. Full Sawn
1.7.1.5.11. Standard Sawn
1.7.1.6. Are the edges eased?
1.7.1.6.1. Radius edge decking (RED)
1.7.1.7. What is the end trimming?
1.7.1.7.1. Double-end Trimmed (DET)
1.7.1.7.2. Precision end Trimmed (PET)
1.7.1.7.3. Pencil trimming
1.7.1.8. Is the lumber grade stamped?
1.7.1.8.1. what type of lumber is grade stamped?
1.7.2. Packaging of Lumber
1.7.2.1. How many pieces per unit?
1.7.2.1.1. Unit Size and Marketing
1.7.2.1.2. Half-packs
1.7.2.1.3. Dense Packing
1.7.2.1.4. Minor Bundling
1.7.2.2. How many lengths per unit?
1.7.2.2.1. what types of lumber are pulled to length?
1.7.2.2.2. is all lumber produced in the same lengths?
1.7.2.3. how is the lumber protected?
1.7.2.3.1. Paper (or plastic) Wrapping
1.7.2.3.2. Paper Caps
1.7.2.3.3. Poly Under Top Tier (PUTT)
1.7.2.3.4. Chemical Protection
1.7.2.3.5. What types of lumber are wrapped?
1.7.2.3.6. Open Units
1.7.3. Shipping
1.7.3.1. What is the tally?
1.7.3.1.1. types of lumber in a tally
1.7.3.1.2. formula tallies
1.7.3.1.3. negotiating a tally
1.7.3.1.4. tally pricing
1.7.3.2. How much does the lumber weigh?
1.7.3.3. What is the method of shipment?
1.7.3.3.1. flatbed trucks (flatbeds
1.7.3.3.2. truck vans
1.7.3.3.3. piggyback vans/containers
1.7.3.3.4. boxcars
1.7.3.3.5. flatcars
1.7.3.3.6. waterborne transport
1.7.3.4. What is the shipment time?
1.7.3.4.1. buying from mill
1.7.3.4.2. buying from reload
1.7.3.5. What is the delivery address?
1.7.3.5.1. rail shipments
1.7.3.5.2. trucks and vans
1.7.4. Pricing & Terms of Payment
1.7.4.1. What is the price?
1.7.4.1.1. taxes
1.7.4.2. What is the credit status?
1.7.4.2.1. Cash in advance (CIA)
1.7.4.2.2. invoicing a parent company
1.7.4.2.3. Letter of Credit (LC)
1.7.4.2.4. Personal Guarantee
1.7.4.2.5. Cash on Delivery (COD)
1.7.4.2.6. Block Orders
1.7.4.3. What are the terms of payment?
1.7.4.3.1. 1% CD
1.7.4.3.2. ADF:
1.7.4.3.3. 10 days ADI
1.7.4.3.4. Net 15 days ADI
1.7.4.3.5. Negotiating the terms of payment
1.7.4.4. What is the customer's order number?
1.7.4.4.1. confirmation #
1.8. North American Softwood Lumber and Panels
1.8.1. Overview
1.8.1.1. Softwood
1.8.1.1.1. Wood from Conifers
1.8.1.2. Lumber
1.8.1.2.1. Sawn on all 4 sides
1.8.1.2.2. cut to some length
1.8.1.3. Board Foot (bf)
1.8.1.3.1. Standard Unit in NA
1.8.1.3.2. A board 1" thick x 12" wide x 12" long
1.8.1.3.3. BF = Thickness (in) x Width (in) x Length (ft) / 12
1.8.1.4. Thousand Board Feet (mbf)
1.8.1.4.1. Standard Wholesale Unit
1.8.1.4.2. MBF = 1000 BF
1.8.1.5. Nominal vs Actual Sizes
1.8.1.5.1. Nominal
1.8.1.5.2. Actual
1.8.1.6. Structural Panels
1.8.1.6.1. Use case
1.8.1.6.2. Manufactured to rigid specs
1.8.1.6.3. Applications
1.8.1.6.4. Common Types
1.8.1.7. Square Foot (sf)
1.8.1.7.1. Standard Unit for Panels
1.8.1.7.2. square 12" wide x 12" long
1.8.1.7.3. thickness independent
1.8.1.8. Thousand Square Feet (msf)
1.8.1.8.1. Standard wholesale unit
1.8.1.8.2. MSF = 1000 SF
1.8.1.9. Trading
1.8.1.9.1. Buyers
1.8.1.9.2. Sellers
1.8.1.10. North America
1.8.1.10.1. Canada
1.8.1.10.2. United States
1.8.1.11. The Market
1.8.1.11.1. current levels
1.8.2. The Lumber & Panel Marketplace
1.8.2.1. Overview
1.8.2.1.1. Massive Market
1.8.2.1.2. Diversity
1.8.2.1.3. "free market"
1.8.2.1.4. Volatile
1.8.2.2. Market Sectors
1.8.2.2.1. Overview
1.8.2.2.2. NA Softwood Distribution Chain
1.8.3. Lumber Producing Regions
1.8.3.1. Overview
1.8.3.1.1. softwoods grow everywhere in NA
1.8.3.1.2. species are region specific
1.8.3.1.3. not all species are commercially viable
1.8.3.1.4. 6 unique regions
1.8.3.2. The West Coast Region
1.8.3.2.1. area
1.8.3.2.2. species
1.8.3.3. The Inland Region
1.8.3.3.1. area
1.8.3.3.2. species
1.8.3.4. The South
1.8.3.4.1. area
1.8.3.4.2. species
1.8.3.5. The Midwest and Northeast Region
1.8.3.5.1. area
1.8.3.5.2. species
1.8.3.6. The Western Canadian Region
1.8.3.6.1. area
1.8.3.6.2. species
1.8.3.7. The Eastern Canadian Region
1.8.3.7.1. area
1.8.3.7.2. species
1.8.3.8. Offshore
1.8.3.8.1. less than 5% of NA supply imported
1.8.3.8.2. Europe
1.8.3.8.3. Chile
1.8.3.8.4. New Zealand
1.8.3.8.5. Brazil
1.8.3.8.6. South East Asia
1.8.4. Structural Panel Producing Regions
1.8.4.1. Overview
1.8.4.1.1. same general region as lumber
1.8.4.1.2. different regions
1.8.4.2. Plywood Producing Regions
1.8.4.2.1. Overview
1.8.4.2.2. The Western Plywood Region
1.8.4.2.3. The Southern Yellow Pine Plywood Region
1.8.4.2.4. The Canadian Softwood Plywood Region
1.8.4.3. OSB Producing Regions
1.8.4.3.1. Overview
1.8.4.3.2. The North Central Region
1.8.4.3.3. The Mid-Atlantic Region
1.8.4.3.4. The Southeast Region
1.8.4.3.5. The Southwest Region
1.8.4.3.6. The Western Canadian Region
1.8.4.3.7. The Eastern Canadian Region
2. Shipping
3. Species
3.1. Hardwood
3.1.1. North American Hardwoods
3.1.1.1. Alder
3.1.1.2. American Beech
3.1.1.3. Ash
3.1.1.4. Aspen
3.1.1.5. Basswood
3.1.1.6. Birch
3.1.1.7. Black Cherry
3.1.1.8. Black Walnut
3.1.1.9. Butternut
3.1.1.10. Chestnut
3.1.1.11. Cottonwood
3.1.1.12. Cuban Mahogany
3.1.1.13. Gum
3.1.1.14. Hackberry
3.1.1.15. Hickory
3.1.1.16. Maple
3.1.1.16.1. Soft Maple
3.1.1.16.2. Hard Maple
3.1.1.17. Oak
3.1.1.17.1. Red Oak
3.1.1.17.2. White Oak
3.1.1.18. Pecan
3.1.1.19. Red Elm
3.1.1.20. Sassafras
3.1.1.21. Sycamore
3.1.1.22. Willow
3.1.1.23. Yellow Poplar
3.1.2. African Softwood
3.1.3. African Hardwood
3.1.4. Asian Hardwood
3.1.5. Australian & New Zealand Hardwood
3.1.6. European Hardwood
3.1.7. South American Hardwood
3.2. Other Materials
3.2.1. Aluminium
3.2.2. Composite Wood
3.2.3. Glass
3.2.4. HDF Panel
3.2.5. Leather
3.2.6. MDF Panel
3.2.7. Particle Board
3.2.8. Plastic
3.2.9. Stainless Steel
3.2.10. Textile
3.3. Softwood
3.3.1. Asian Softwood
3.3.2. Australian & New Zealand Softwood
3.3.3. European Softwood
3.3.4. South American Softwood
3.3.5. North American Softwoods
3.3.5.1. Redwood
3.3.5.2. Cedar
3.3.5.2.1. Bermuda Cedar
3.3.5.2.2. Northern Red Cedar
3.3.5.2.3. Eastern Red Cedar
3.3.5.2.4. Western Red Cedar
3.3.5.3. Cypress
3.3.5.4. Fir
3.3.5.4.1. California Red Fir
3.3.5.4.2. Grand Fir
3.3.5.4.3. White Fir
3.3.5.4.4. Pacific Silver Fir
3.3.5.4.5. Hemlock
3.3.5.4.6. Douglas Fir
3.3.5.5. Juniper
3.3.5.6. Larch
3.3.5.7. Pine
3.3.5.7.1. Eastern White Pine
3.3.5.7.2. Southern Yellow Pine
3.3.5.7.3. Radiata Pine
3.3.5.7.4. Ponderosa Pine
3.3.5.7.5. Pitch Pine
3.3.5.7.6. Western White Pine
3.3.5.7.7. Sugar Pine
3.3.5.8. Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF)
3.3.5.9. Spruce
3.3.5.9.1. Engelmann Spruce
3.3.5.9.2. Sitka Spruce
3.3.5.10. Yew
4. North America
4.1. Canada
4.1.1. Alberta
4.1.2. British Columbia
4.1.3. Manitoba
4.1.4. New Brunswick
4.1.5. NewFoundland and Labrador
4.1.6. Nova Scotia
4.1.7. Ontario
4.1.8. Prince Edward Island
4.1.9. Quebec
4.1.10. Saskatchewan
4.2. United States
4.2.1. Alabama
4.2.2. Alaska
4.2.3. Arizona
4.2.4. Arkansas
4.2.5. California
4.2.6. Colorado
4.2.7. Connecticut
4.2.8. Deleware
4.2.9. District of Columbia
4.2.10. Florida
4.2.11. Georgia
4.2.12. Hawaii
4.2.13. Idaho
4.2.14. Illinois
4.2.15. Indiana
4.2.16. Iowa
4.2.17. Kansas
4.2.18. Kentucky
4.2.19. Louisiana
4.2.20. Maine
4.2.21. Maryland
4.2.22. Massachusetts
4.2.23. Michigan
4.2.24. Minnesota
4.2.25. Mississippi
4.2.26. Missouri
4.2.27. Montana
4.2.28. Nebraska
4.2.29. Nevada
4.2.30. New Hampshire
4.2.31. New Jersey
4.2.32. New Mexico
4.2.33. New York
4.2.34. North Carolina
4.2.35. North Dakota
4.2.36. Ohio
4.2.37. Oklahoma
4.2.38. Oregon
4.2.39. Pennsylvania
4.2.40. Rhode Island
4.2.41. South Carolina
4.2.42. South Dakota
4.2.43. Tennessee
4.2.44. Texas
4.2.45. Utah
4.2.46. Vermont
4.2.47. Virginia
4.2.48. Washington
4.2.49. West Virginia
4.2.50. Wisconsin
4.2.51. Wyoming
5. Products
5.1. Engineered Wood
5.1.1. CLT (Cross-Laminated Timber)
5.1.1.1. ANSI/APA PRG 320
5.1.2. Glulam
5.1.2.1. Glulam Species Used
5.1.2.1.1. Douglas-fir
5.1.2.1.2. Southern Pine
5.1.2.1.3. Eastern Spruce
5.1.2.1.4. Western Red Cedar
5.1.2.1.5. Spruce, Pine, Fir
5.1.2.1.6. Alaska Cedar
5.1.2.1.7. Port Orford Cedar
5.1.2.2. Typical Glulam Products Produced
5.1.2.2.1. Stock Beams
5.1.2.2.2. Custom Beams
5.1.2.2.3. Custom Curved Members
5.1.2.2.4. High Strength Composite Beams (HSC)
5.1.2.2.5. Treated Beams
5.1.2.3. APA Glulam Trademarked with these Standards
5.1.2.3.1. ANSI A190.1
5.1.2.3.2. JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standards)
5.1.2.3.3. CSA O122 & CSA O177 (Canadian Stand. Assoc.)
5.1.2.4. Specialty Glulam Products
5.1.2.4.1. Tongue and Groove Glulam Decking
5.1.3. I-Joist
5.1.4. OSB (Oriented Strand Board)
5.1.5. Plywood
5.1.5.1. Rated Sheathing
5.1.5.2. Sheathing
5.1.5.3. Structural I
5.1.5.4. Rated Sturd-I-Floor
5.1.5.5. Rated Siding
5.1.5.5.1. APA 303 Siding
5.1.5.5.2. MDO siding
5.1.5.5.3. RBB (Reverse Board & Batten) type grooving
5.1.5.5.4. Rough Sawn
5.1.5.5.5. T1-11 type grooving
5.1.6. Concrete Forming
5.1.6.1. B-B or B-C Plyform
5.1.6.2. HDO Concrete Form
5.1.6.3. MDO Concrete Form
5.1.7. Radiant Barrier Panels
5.1.8. Sanded Panels
5.1.8.1. A-C, A-B, B-B
5.1.8.2. Marine
5.1.9. Touch-sanded / Cleaned & Sized Panels
5.1.10. Industrial Overlaid
5.1.10.1. HDO-Industrial
5.1.10.2. MDO-General
5.1.11. Oversize Panels
5.1.12. Plywood Trademarked with these Standards
5.1.12.1. ANSI/APA 210 Engineered Wood Siding
5.1.12.2. APA 303 Siding
5.1.12.3. CSA O121 DFP (Canadian Standards Association)
5.1.12.4. CSA O151 CSP (Canadian Standards Association)
5.1.12.5. CSA O153 (Canadian Standards Association)
5.1.12.6. CSA O325 (Canadian Standards Association)
5.1.12.7. EN 13986 (European Norms for CE Marking)
5.1.12.8. JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard)
5.1.12.9. PRP-108
5.1.12.10. U.S. Product Standard PS 1
5.1.12.11. U.S. Product Standard PS 2
5.1.13. Specialty Plywood Products
5.1.13.1. Remanufactured Panels
5.1.13.2. Structural Radiant Floor Heating Panels
5.1.14. Rim Board
5.1.14.1. ANSI/APA PRR-410 Rim Boards
5.1.14.2. APA PRR-401 Performance Standard for Rim Boards
5.1.15. SCL (Structural Composite Lumber)
5.1.15.1. Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)
5.1.15.2. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
5.1.15.3. Oriented Strand Lumber (OSL)
5.1.15.4. LVL Scaffold Plank ANSI/ASSE A10.8 Safety Requirement
6. Plywood
6.1. Basics
6.1.1. Plywood has been one of the most recognized and trusted wood building products for decades. Manufactured from thin sheets of cross-laminated veneer and bonded under heat and pressure with strong adhesives, plywood panels have superior dimensional stability and an excellent strength-to-weight ratio and are highly resistant to impacts, chemicals, and changes in environmental temperature and humidity. Plywood manufactured by APA member mills is available in a wide variety of appearance grades, ranging from smooth, natural surfaces suitable for finish work to more economical grades used for sheathing. With more than a dozen common thicknesses and over twenty different grades, plywood is well-suited to a multitude of demanding applications.