1. Minerals
1.1. Exploration
1.1.1. Prospecting
1.1.2. Remote sensing
1.1.3. Radiation detection
1.1.4. Satellite signals
1.1.5. Satellite images
1.1.6. Geochemical analysis
1.1.7. Geophysics
1.2. Extraction
1.2.1. Surface mining
1.2.2. Sub-surface mining
1.3. Factors affecting the decision to extract rocks and minerals
1.3.1. The cost of exploration and extraction
1.3.2. Geology
1.3.3. Accessibility
1.3.4. Environmental impact assessment
1.3.5. Supply and demand
2. Impacts of rock and mineral extraction
2.1. Environmental impacts
2.1.1. Pollution
2.1.2. Ecological impacts
2.1.3. Waste management
2.2. Economic impacts
2.2.1. Employment
2.2.2. Improved income
3. Managing the impacts
3.1. Safe disposal of mining waste
3.2. Land restoration
3.3. Bioremediation
3.4. Making lakes and reserves
3.5. Using as landfill sites
4. Rocks
4.1. Types
4.1.1. Igneous
4.1.1.1. Made from magma
4.1.1.2. Extrusive igneous
4.1.1.2.1. Cools quickly
4.1.1.2.2. Small crystals
4.1.1.2.3. Eg. Basalt
4.1.1.3. Intrusive igneous
4.1.1.3.1. Cools slowly
4.1.1.3.2. Big crystals
4.1.1.3.3. Eg. Granite
4.1.2. Sedimentary
4.1.2.1. Formed from weathering of existing rocks
4.1.2.2. Fossils may be present
4.1.2.3. Formed from sedimentation and cementation
4.1.2.4. Eg. Limestone, Shale
4.1.3. Metamorphic
4.1.3.1. Heat and pressure
4.1.3.2. Eg. Marble, Slate
4.2. Molten rock below surface is magma
4.3. Molten rock when reaches the surface is lava
5. Sustainable use of rocks and minerals
5.1. Continuously replenished
5.2. Strategies
5.2.1. Increasing the efficiency of extraction
5.2.2. Recycle rocks and minerals
5.2.3. Legislation
5.2.4. Efficient use