1. Interaction of light with matter
1.1. Emission
1.1.1. Line
1.1.2. Band
1.1.3. Continuum spectra
1.2. Absorption methods
1.2.1. Transmittance
1.2.2. Absorbance
1.2.2.1. Beer's law
1.3. Properties of EMR
1.3.1. Diffraction caused by interference
1.3.1.1. Constructive Interference
1.3.1.2. Destructive interference
1.3.2. Coherent radiation
1.3.3. Reflection
1.3.4. Refraction
1.3.5. Scattering
1.3.5.1. Rayleigh
1.3.5.2. Raman
1.3.5.3. Scattering by large molecules
1.3.6. Transmission
1.3.7. Polarization
1.4. Relaxation processes
1.4.1. Nonradiative decay
1.4.2. Radiative decay
1.4.2.1. Fluorescence
1.4.2.2. Phosphorescence
1.4.2.3. Vibrational rotation
1.4.2.4. Internal conversion
1.4.2.5. Inter-system crossing
2. Spectra line broadening causes
2.1. Uncertainty principle
2.2. Doppler effect
2.3. Pressure changes
3. Methods
3.1. Atomic spectroscopy
3.1.1. Atomic Fluorescence
3.1.2. Atomic Emission Spec.
3.1.3. Atomic Molecular
3.1.4. X-ray Spectroscopy
3.1.5. Atomization
3.1.5.1. Flame
3.1.5.2. Electrothermal
3.2. Molecular spectoscopy
3.2.1. UV-VIS
3.2.2. Molecular luminescence spec.
3.2.3. Raman
3.2.4. NMR
3.2.5. Molecular mass spectroscopy
4. Components of optical instruments
4.1. Source of radiant energy
4.1.1. Line
4.1.1.1. Hollow Cathode Lamp (HCL) or lasers
4.1.2. Continuum
4.1.2.1. D2/H2/ W/ Xe lamps
4.2. Detectors
4.3. Cell container
4.3.1. Photomultiplier tubes
4.3.2. Photovoltaic tubes
4.3.3. Transducers
4.4. Wavelength selectors
4.4.1. Filters
4.4.2. Monochromators