English Tenses

1. Past Simple

1.1. POSITIVE: S + V2

1.2. NEGATIVE: S + did not + V1

1.3. INTERROGATIVE: Did + S + V1?

1.4. PASSIVE: S + was(not)/were(not) + V3

1.5. •actions happened and finished in the past, they don’t effect present

1.6. TIME ADVERBS: yesterday; last; ago; in 1998

2. Past Continuous

2.1. POSITIVE: S + was/were + Ving

2.2. NEGATIVE: S + was not/were not + Ving

2.3. INTERROGATIVE: Was/Were + S + Ving?

2.4. PASSIVE: S+ was(not)/were(not) + being + v3

2.5. •to describe an action in a process that occurred in the past at a certain time

2.6. TIME ADVERBS: yesterday at 5 o’clock; while; when he came

3. Past Perfect

3.1. POSITIVE: S + had + V3

3.2. NEGATIVE: S + had not + V3

3.3. INTERROGATIVE: Had + S + V3?

3.4. PASSIVE: S+ had(not) + been + V3

3.5. •for the actions happened very long time ago; •Reported Speech as Past form of Past Simple and Present Perfect; •in adverbial clauses to show that one of the actions happened before the other one

3.6. TIME ADVERBS: by the time; after; before; when

4. Past Perfect Continuous

4.1. POSITIVE: S + had + been+ Ving

4.2. NEGATIVE: S + had not + been + Ving

4.3. INTERROGATIVE: Had + S + been + Ving?

4.4. PASSIVE: ————

4.5. •for the actions happened very long time ago and continue for some time; •in Reported Speech as the past version of Present Perfect Continuous, Past Continuous

4.6. TIME ADVERBS: for an hour; since 2 o’clock (for past actions)

5. Future Simple

5.1. POSITIVE: S + will + V1

5.2. NEGATIVE: S + will not + V1

5.3. INTERROGATIVE: Will + S + V1?

5.4. PASSIVE: will(not) be + V1

5.5. •for future predictions that we don’t have any clues or proof; •unplanned actions or sudden decisions for future; for strong desires

5.6. TIME ADVERBS: •in the future; in 50 years time; in 2040; •I’m sure/not sure; probably/most probably; •I think/hope/expect/feel

6. Future Perfect

6.1. POSITIVE: S + will have + V3

6.2. NEGATIVE: S + will not have + V3

6.3. INTERROGATIVE: Will + S + have + V3?

6.4. PASSIVE: S + will(not) + have + been + V3

6.5. •for the actions we’ll finish in the future

6.6. TIME EXPRESSIONS: by, till, until—> tomorrow/2022/next week/ the end of this month/ by the time when->SIMPLE PRESENT

7. Future Perfect Continuous

7.1. POSITIVE: S + will have been + Ving

7.2. NEGATIVE: S + will not have been+ Ving

7.3. INTERROGATIVE: Will+ S + have been + Ving?

7.4. PASSIVE: ————

7.5. •for the actions still continue in the future and we give the duration —> how long you are doing an action

7.6. TIME EXPRESSIONS: for...; by...; till...

8. TIME ADVERBS: just; yet; already; so far; since; for

9. NEGATIVE: S+ am not/ is not/ are not + going to + V1

10. •if the action started in the past and still continues; •if the action started in the past and finished very short time ago

11. POSITIVE: S + am/is/are + going to V1

12. NEGATIVE: S + have not/has not + V3

13. Present Simple

13.1. POSITIVE: S + V1, V1+-s, -es

13.2. NEGATIVE: S + do/does not + V1

13.3. INTERROGATIVE: do/does + S + V1?

13.4. PASSIVE: am/is/are (not) + Ved

13.4.1. am not/ is not/ are not +Ved

13.5. •repeated actions; •daily routine; •regular actions; •natural facts

13.6. TIME ADVERBS: every day/month/week etc; always; usually/generally; often; sometimes; feldom; rarely; never; almost/always; once a week

14. TIME ADVERBS: at this time; tomorrow; this time next year; at that moment on Friday; at 12 o’clock tomorrow; from 9 to 11 tonight

15. Present Continuous

15.1. POSITIVE: S + am/is/are + Ving

15.2. NEGATIVE: S + am not/is not/ are not + Ving

15.3. INTERROGATIVE: Am/is/are + S + Ving?

15.4. PASSIVE: S + am(not)/is(not)/are(not)+ being + V3

15.5. •if the action takes places at the moment, now; •for planned actions-in near future; •the actions happen not just right now, but around these days

15.6. TIME ADVERBS: today; at present; at the moment; still; now

16. •if an action finishes in the past, but result continue in present; •if an action started in the past, and still continues in present or finished a very short time ago; •if the period of the action takes place still continues

17. Present Perfect

17.1. POSITIVE: S + have/has + V3

17.2. INTERROGATIVE: Have/Has + S +V3?

17.3. PASSIVE: S + have(not)/has(not) + been + V3

17.4. POSITIVE: S + have/has been Ving

18. Present Perfect Continuous

18.1. NEGATIVE: S+ have(not) has(not) + been + Ving

18.2. INTERROGATIVE: Have/Has + S + been + Ving?

18.3. PASSIVE: ———-

18.4. TIME ADVERBS: for an hour; since 2 o’clock; since last month

19. Be Going To

19.1. INTERROGATIVE: Am/Is/Are + S + going to + V1?

19.2. PASSIVE: S+ am(not)/is(not)/are(not) + going to be + V3

19.3. •for the future predictions that we have proof; •planned actions for future

19.4. TIME ADVERBS: next month/week; 50 years later/on 25th October

20. Future Continuous

20.1. POSITIVE: S + will + be + Ving

20.2. NEGATIVE: S + will not + be + Ving

20.3. INTERROGATIVE: Will + S + be + Ving?

20.4. PASSIVE: —————

20.5. •for the actions we are doing at a certain point in the future