The Management Structure and Ownership of Ships
por MUHAMMAD FAKHRUDDIN JAMALRUDIN
1. SHIP MANAGEMENT
1.1. cost efficiency
1.2. quality assurance
1.3. it involves technical and consultancy services and crew management; and is basically the process of managing a vessel within stated objectives and with regard to its legal environment.
1.4. tasks performed
1.4.1. manning
1.4.2. insurance
1.4.3. purchasing
1.4.4. repairs and maintenance,
1.4.5. docking
1.4.6. related areas
2. Ship Management Techniques
2.1. Commercial aspects
2.2. Operating aspects
2.3. Technical aspects
2.4. Financial aspects
2.5. Investment aspects
3. factors of effective ship management strategy and associated tactics
3.1. The age and type of vessel
3.2. The trade in which the vessels ploys and the degree of technological development of the tonnage involved
3.3. The flag of registration
3.4. Safety
3.5. National / International legislation and the IMO Conventions
3.6. The manning of vessels
3.7. The introduction of the ISM Code, STCW (1995 amendments) and ISPS Code
3.8. Ship bunkering
3.9. Computer software
4. Safety Management System (SMS)
4.1. Commitment from top management
4.2. A Top Tier Policy Manual
4.3. A Procedures Manual that documents what is done onboard the ship
4.4. Procedures for conducting both internal and external audits to ensure the ship is doing what is documented in the Procedures Manual
4.5. A Designated Person to serve as the link between the ships and shore staff
4.6. A system for identifying where actual practices do not meet those that are documented and for implementing associated corrective action
4.7. Regular management reviews
5. Significant of implementation and conduct of the ISM Code
5.1. Shipowners must recognize environmental management
5.2. Shipowners must continue to strive to improve their practices and performances taking account of current legislation, maritime industry codes of practices (Class Rules), technical developments, customer needs and expectations, and community expectations
5.3. The shipping company must educate, train and motivate their employees to conduct their activities in an environmentally responsible manner
5.4. Companies must access, design and operate vessels taking into consideration the efficient use of energy and material, the minimization of any adverse environmental impact and waste generation, and the safe and responsible disposal of remaining wastes
6. Organization of Shipboard Management
6.1. Each vessel has a management team responsible for the management of the vessel within its defined authority.
6.2. The master presides as managing director, with the other officer directors responsible for their own domains – the chief engineer for ship’s machinery, the chief officer for technical matters including deck personnel and the purser for catering.
7. LAND TRAFFIC
7.1. Within the port premise and boundary is the responsibility of the Authority or Port Owners
7.2. Outside it is under the jurisdiction of the Road Transport Department (JPJ) and the traffic police
8. Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)
8.1. shore-side systems which range from the provision of simple information messages to ships
8.2. marine traffic monitoring system that been established by harbor or port authorities
8.3. ships entering a VTS area report to the authorities, usually by radio, and may be tracked by the VTS control centre
8.4. VTS systems
8.4.1. radar
8.4.2. Closed-circuit television (CCTV)
8.4.3. Very High Frequency (VHF) radiotelephony
8.4.4. Automatic Identification System (AIS)
8.5. Purposes
8.5.1. to keep track of vessel movements
8.5.2. provide navigational safety in a limited geographical area
8.5.3. to provide active monitoring and navigational advice for vessels in particularly confined and busy waterways
8.5.4. to improve the safety and efficiency of navigation
8.5.5. safety of life at sea and the protection of the marine environment
9. Information Service
9.1. to ensure that essential information becomes available in time for on-board navigational decision-making
9.2. reports on the position, identity and intentions of other traffic; waterway conditions; weather; hazards; or any other factors that may influence the vessel's transit
10. Navigational Assistance Service
10.1. A service to assist on-board navigational decision-making and to monitor its effects
10.2. It is important in difficult navigational
10.3. This service is normally rendered at the request of a vessel or by the VTS when deemed necessary
11. The principal business
11.1. ship-owning
11.2. ship-operating
11.3. other logistics and maritime transportation services
12. Main activities
12.1. Container Related
12.2. Energy – oil and gas
12.3. Shipping and Offshore
12.4. Marine and Heavy Engineering
12.5. Integrated Logistics
12.6. Maritime Education
13. International Safety Management (ISM)
13.1. The ISM Code provides an International standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention
13.2. The purpose of ISM Code
13.2.1. To ensure Safety at Sea
13.2.2. To prevent human injury or loss of life
13.2.3. To avoid damage to the environment and to the ship
14. SHIPBOARD MANAGEMENT
14.1. controlling cost within a disciplined environment
14.2. generating adequate revenue through marketing strategies
15. requirements must be met if a system of shipboard management is to operate efficiently
15.1. The vessel must have a permanent crew
15.2. A system of shipboard preventive maintenance is required to take the place of irregular maintenance
15.3. A fixed standard of maintenance and service should be laid down
15.4. An effective system of budgetary control should be instituted
16. Advantages of Shipboard Management
16.1. size of the shore-based organization is reduced by the delegation of many tasks to the shipboard management team
16.2. substantial improvement in crew productivity can be achieved as a result of a large increase in the workload
16.3. The increased responsibility entrusted to the ship’s personnel and the employment of a permanent crew generate an esprit de corps - strengthen the crew’s commitment
16.4. Greater job satisfaction creates better industrial relations
16.5. The improved profitability of the ship greatly facilitates the long-term planning of investment and enables the company to go forward with confidence.
17. SEA TRAFFIC
17.1. Most ports require ships coming to their territories to employ ports’ pilots to man and manoeuvre the vessels into the ports
17.2. Need to pay port dues or port charges.
17.3. For instance, for lighthouses facilities - pay light dues to the Marine Department
18. VTS Personnel
18.1. The VTS authority should be provided with sufficient staff, appropriately qualified, suitably trained and capable of performing the tasks required
18.2. taking into consideration the type and level of services to be provided in conformity with the current IMO guidelines on the subject
19. Traffic Organization Service
19.1. Functions
19.1.1. to prevent the development of dangerous maritime traffic situations
19.1.2. to provide for the safe and efficient movement of vessel traffic