1. Modern
1.1. Oscar Hammerstein II was a 20th century theatrical producer.
1.1.1. Show Boat
1.1.2. Oklahoma
1.2. Richard Rodgers was Oscar's partner and helped him make music.
1.3. To tell the story of modern musicals, drama, music and dance are used.
1.3.1. Most dialogue is spoken but at key points the story is sung with musical accompaniment.
1.3.2. Musical accompaniment is usually a band, orchestra or both.
1.3.3. The music often uses jazz chords and syncopated rhythms.
1.3.3.1. Song structures usually contain verse and chorus, introduction and codas. Sometimes there are other sections such as links and bridge sections, etc.
1.3.3.2. The music is usually tonal.
2. Opretta & Opéra Bouffe
2.1. Both were precursors to the modern musical
2.1.1. Shows by Jacques Offenbach like "Orpheus in the Underworld" had international success and made both Opretta and Opéra Bouffe popular in the western world. And thus massively influenced the modern musical.
2.1.1.1. After this, music theatre works set the standard
2.2. Lighter versions of the very popular Operas
2.2.1. W S Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan's various comic theatre productions
2.3. Louis Ronger (Hervé)
2.3.1. First composer to feature French opéra bouffe
2.3.2. Inspired Jacques Offenbach