1. Dialectical Materialism
1.1. Empiricist notion of knowledge
1.1.1. Based directly on the sensory experience that is received in a neutral way.
1.2. Implications:
1.2.1. The material and the ideal, there are no static subjects or objects of reality.
1.3. Knowledge production
1.3.1. Human needs, defined socio historically within concrete contexts
1.3.2. Starting point
1.3.2.1. Are not:
1.3.2.1.1. Arbitrary.
1.3.2.1.2. Dogmas.
1.3.2.2. Are:
1.3.2.2.1. Royal premises.
1.4. Logic basis
1.4.1. Change is a constant.
1.4.2. All phenomena are constantly changing.
1.4.3. Stability consists of relative analytic constructs.
1.4.3.1. Concepts.
1.4.3.2. Change process that does not go beyond the parameters of the defined characteristics.
2. Pragmatism
2.1. Specifically
2.1.1. Criticizes the divorce between theory and practice.
2.1.1.1. Idealistic variant.
2.1.1.2. Materialistic variant.
2.1.2. Human reactions:
2.1.2.1. Change the world through action.
2.1.2.1.1. Science.
2.1.2.2. Change your own being, that is, transform your emotions and ideas.
2.1.2.2.1. Religion.
2.2. It states
2.2.1. Knowledge objects are defined by active operations.
2.3. Knowledge is eventual
2.3.1. More than precedent.
2.4. Knowledge production
2.4.1. Start with practical problems.
2.5. The values
2.5.1. They are goals that guide behavior toward problem solving.
3. Structuralism
3.1. Knowledge is produced
3.1.1. Transforming the raw material:
3.1.1.1. Abstract knowledge.
3.1.1.1.1. (Generality I)
3.1.1.1.2. Come from any source, even ideological practice.
3.1.1.2. Knowledge production.
3.1.1.2.1. (Generality II)
3.1.1.2.2. It consists of a structured set of concepts that define problems.
3.1.1.3. Concrete knowledge.
3.1.1.3.1. (Generality III)
3.2. Relationship between theory and practice:
3.2.1. 1st Level
3.2.1.1. Knowledge
3.2.1.1.1. Try to get hold of reality.
3.2.1.2. Reality
3.2.1.2.1. Reality itself is not the object of knowledge.
3.2.2. 2nd Level
3.2.2.1. Knowledge has its own internal object.
3.3. It refers to the separation of:
3.3.1. Theory
3.3.2. Practice
3.3.3. Meta-ethical notion of the absence of values.
4. Empiricism
4.1. Holds
4.1.1. Man produces knowledge by direct and neutral observation of reality.
4.2. Justifies
4.2.1. To knowledge its correspondence with reality.
4.2.1.1. Final result of the knowledge process are considered:
4.2.1.1.1. Universal.
4.2.1.1.2. Immutable.
4.3. There is no relationship in the process of:
4.3.1. Theory.
4.3.2. Practice.
4.4. Produce knowledge:
4.4.1. Practice of rigorous observation.
4.5. Considers
4.5.1. Sensory experience becomes mechanically.
4.5.1.1. Perceptions and these automatically lead to knowledge.
4.5.2. Appreciation of Phenomenal Connections:
4.5.2.1. Reals.
4.5.2.2. Naturals.
4.5.2.3. They do not require cognitive elaboration.
4.6. Observation
4.6.1. Knowledge measure.
4.7. Absolutist epistemology
4.7.1. A single reality.
4.7.2. One true knowledge.
4.8. Open the door to:
4.8.1. Interpretations.
4.8.2. Relativism.
4.9. Action research for the empiricist is simply the practical activity:
4.9.1. Political.
4.9.2. Religious.
4.9.3. Social.
4.9.4. Cultural.
4.9.5. Educational.
5. Logical Positivism
5.1. Knowledge production
5.1.1. Begins:
5.1.1.1. Postulate a hypothesis.
5.1.1.1.1. The check is given by confronting:
5.2. Scientific knowledge
5.2.1. Designed to guide practice.
5.3. Investigative process
5.3.1. A series of facts and events is generated by the application:
5.3.1.1. Concepts.
5.3.1.2. Theoretical to a specific universe of phenomena.