1.1. What is around us right now is shaped the way the world is right now thanks to what people think. This idea is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which is defined in the chapter 12 reading that explains "a theory of the relationship between language and thought; also known as the hypothesis of lingustic relativity- the belief that languages determines the way speakers perceive the world around them (Plascensia pg 4)."
1.2. Many people make plenty of thinking on anything they see with their eyes and states them with a langauge whether if it is positive or negative that can determine the future. This is the idea of linguistic determinism, which is defined in the chapter 12 reading that is "the assumption that the way individual thinks is determined to a significant degree by the language they speak (Plascencia pg 13)."
1.3. Everywhere we are, our languages will shape the way the world is when we see with our eyes. Anything we say may have an impact on what kind of perspective we have on this world for better or for worse.
1.4. While determinsim makes predictions from our langauges, lingustic relativity effects the way we think of our thoughts and what we see in the world thanks to our languages that we can state that shapes what the world is right now. The definition in the chapter 12 reading states that "the view that scructural differences among languages are reflected in the world views held by their speakers (Plascencia pg 13)."
2. Speech Act
2.1. When a speaker has a conversation with someone, the speaker acts in a certain way that gives a hint of what this conversation is about that may lead to a positive or negative result or giving any sort of answer.
2.2. The idea of speech act varies depending how the speaker interacts with another person. The best example comes from the chapter 11 reading that describes one of the act called "Commissive" which means "the speaker commits to some future action (as in promising, threatening, or guaranteeing) (Plascencia pg 31)." As mentioned before, the speaker can give a hint to future results.
2.3. This idea does bring similarities to any sort of physical act or facial acts in order to persuade or to threaten the listener by making sad or mean faces or making contact on someone that could help make the listener listen to what the speaker has to say.
2.4. More examples of speech act can also show the speaker being directive, which is shown in the chapter 11 reading which describes that "the speaker tries to get the listener to do something (such as begging, commanding, requesting) (Plasencia pg 31)." What I also want to add to the example is to point a finger that may come across as pointing a direction to where you want the listener to go.
3. Race and Ethnicity
3.1. Everyone has their own way of speaking any langauge. One thing to question about their established spoken langauge is if their race and ethnicty has anything to do with how they would speak their langauge?
3.2. The idea highly depends on where you grew up in or what group you are around with that helps establish the way people speak their languages, which may have in impact on their accent.
3.3. The most notable talk would be the African Americans due to them being the most notable when it comes to how they speak their language. There is a characterization called African American English (AAE), which is a langauge for the African Americans.
3.4. In the chapter 14 reading, there is another chacterization called the African American Vernacular English(AAVE), which is explained that is the "Low status AAE spoken in the ghettos and hoods of America (Plascencia pg 30)." It would mean they would pronounce the words differently then we normally pronounce them.
4. Language and Gender
4.1. Everybody can speak with their own langauge but the most common differencess are noticeable between each gender. When a male or a female is speaking, their tonal pitch may have some differencess depending on the circumstanes or situations that may also have, which can have an impact on the way they speak.
4.2. While there may be some differences, there can still be some similarities of how both men and women would speak. This idea is shown in chapter 13 that "Gossiping, although has been stereotyped as a characteristically female trait, is observed in both males and females on a regular basis (Plascencia pg 20)."
4.3. There are quite a few examples that has shown the differences between the male and the female. The chapter 13 has some examples that "girls try to negotiate and satisfy everyone while boys tends in engage in physical tussles (Plascencia pg 17)." This means females try to speak the issues while men try to make physical contact over issues.
4.4. Common conversations occurs within the groups of males and females. Females usually talk about how they are doing while men usually comment about what is going on or having a conversation about sports. Despite those views, men and women are likely to have similar types of conversations.
