Culture (complicated word)

1. French

1.1. Tending of natural growth

1.2. Metaphor = a process of human development

1.3. Culture similar to Civilization

1.4. Culture = the matter of being cultivated

2. German

2.1. General process of becoming civilized / cultivated

2.2. Secular process of human development

2.2.1. Herder: European subjugation and domination of the four quarters

2.3. Culture = different nations and within nations as alternative to civilization

2.4. Romanticism: (I) folk-culture and (II) damage caused by Infustrial Revolution

2.5. Politically

2.5.1. Culture = human development vs. Civilization = material development

2.5.1.1. Klemm = human development (savagery - domestication - freedom)

3. 3 meanings:

3.1. Independent and abstract = general process

3.2. Particular way of life

3.3. Works and practices of intellectual and artistic activity

3.4. Range and overlap of meanings is significant

4. Hostility

4.1. Class distinction

4.2. Anti-German feeling during WWII

4.3. American term "culture vulture"

4.4. Claims to superior knowledge