1. Government & Leaders
1.1. Egypt (Nile)
1.1.1. Pharaohs
1.1.2. Theocracy
1.1.3. Ruler of Kingdoms
1.1.4. Bureaucracy
1.2. Indus Valley
1.2.1. Led by religious leader
1.2.2. Governed through the control of trade and religion
1.2.3. In Vedic Period, they had regional leaders called rajas.
1.2.4. The authority kept uniformity among the cities.
2. Economy and Trade
2.1. Egypt (Nile)
2.1.1. Ancient command economy
2.1.2. Bureaucracy
2.1.3. Barter & Trade
2.1.4. Limited trade
2.2. Indus Valley
2.2.1. Traded goods with distant civilizations, like Mesopotamia.
2.2.2. Economy was focused on agriculture and trade.
2.2.3. Farmed and herded livestock
2.2.4. Specialization
3. Science & Technology
3.1. Egypt (Nile)
3.1.1. Science and math to improve lives
3.1.2. Used geometry and basic arithmetics
3.1.3. Engineering and architects
3.1.4. Masters of human anatomy
3.2. Indus Valley
3.2.1. Used community and household wells for water.
3.2.2. Public drainage systems
3.2.3. Built citadels, or fortresses in large cities.
3.2.4. Made shrines and workshops outside of citadels.
4. Arts & Education
4.1. Indus Valley
4.1.1. Pottery and Metalwork
4.1.2. Had a writing system, but historians can't read it.
4.1.3. Ancient Writings (Vedas)
4.1.4. Sacred Texts (Hinduism)
4.2. Egypt (Nile)
4.2.1. Hieratic and Demotic writing systems
4.2.2. Painting and Sculptures
4.2.3. Little education for kids
4.2.4. Hieroglyphics
5. Religion
5.1. Egypt (Nile)
5.1.1. Polythiestic
5.1.2. Temples
5.1.3. Afterlife
5.1.4. Mummmification
5.1.5. Chief Gods/Goddesses
5.2. Indus Valley
5.2.1. Main object of worship: Mother Goddess
5.2.2. Also worshiped trees, animals, birds, and stones
5.2.3. Familiar with yoga and meditation
5.2.4. Mostly cremated the dead
6. Social Structure & Family
6.1. Indus Valley
6.1.1. People couldn't switch social classes
6.1.2. Upper class: Priests and soldiers
6.1.3. Middle class: Farmers and tradesmen
6.1.4. Lower class: Servants and casual laborers
6.2. Egypt (Nile)
6.2.1. Top: Pharaohs/Royal Families
6.2.2. Bottom: Peasant farmers (90%)
6.2.3. 2 Kingdoms (ruled by 2 leaders but eventually made into one kingdom)
6.2.4. Father=Head of the house
6.2.5. Women= housework
7. Geography & Agriculture
7.1. Egypt (Nile)
7.1.1. Nile River
7.1.2. Rich, fertile soil at Nile delta
7.1.3. Farming villages along river
7.1.4. Pyramids
7.2. Indus Valley
7.2.1. Sowed seeds in the floodplains
7.2.2. Grew wheat, barley, peas, mustard, rice, cotton etc.
7.2.3. First people to produce cotton
7.2.4. Summer months: heavy rains Winter months: drier