1. Pragmatics Study of language use in context. Concepts: Speech Acts (Requests, commands, etc.) Implicature (Implied meaning) Contextual meaning
2. Sociolinguistics Study of language in society. Areas of Focus: Language variation (Dialects, sociolects) Language change over time Language and identity
3. Psycholinguistics Study of language processing in the mind. Concepts: Language acquisition Language comprehension and production Bilingualism
4. Historical Linguistics Study of language change over time. Concepts: Language families Language reconstruction Evolution of languages
5. Applied Linguistics Practical applications of linguistic theory. Areas: Language teaching and learning Translation and interpretation Language policy
6. Phonetics Study of speech sounds. Branches: Articulatory Phonetics (How sounds are produced) Acoustic Phonetics (Physical properties of sounds) Auditory Phonetics (How sounds are perceived)
7. Phonology Study of the sound system of languages. Concepts: Phonemes (Smallest unit of sound) Allophones (Variations of phonemes) Phonotactics (Sound patterns in a language)
8. Morphology Study of the structure of words. Concepts: Morphemes (Smallest unit of meaning) Inflectional Morphology (Word modification for tense, case, etc.) Derivational Morphology (Creation of new words)
9. Syntax Study of sentence structure. Concepts: Sentence formation rules Phrase structure Syntactic Trees (Diagrams showing sentence structure)
10. Semantics Study of meaning in language. Concepts: Word meaning Sentence meaning Semantic roles (Agent, Patient, etc.)
