1.1. Access to these basic services is limited, especially in rural areas where infrastructure is poor. Although there are efforts to implement their own education systems that respect their culture, many communities still face difficulties in preserving their languages and customs. As for health, the lack of adequate care and the absence of adequate sanitary infrastructure aggravate the situation.
2. Political participation and autonomy
2.1. The Constitution guarantees the right to autonomy of indigenous peoples, allowing self-management of their territories and their participation in decisions that affect them. However, in practice, these rights are often not fully fulfilled, and state or private company intervention limits their true capacity for self-government.
3. Impacts of armed conflict and megaprojects
3.1. Indigenous peoples have been severely affected by the armed conflict in Colombia. Illegal groups have displaced them, and human rights violations continue to be a problem. Mega mining and energy projects also negatively affect their lands and their relationship with the environment.
4. This situation reflects a history of constant struggle for the preservation of their territories, culture and fundamental rights. Despite being recognized in the 1991 Constitution as an essential part of the State, the challenges they face are significant.
5. Territorial rights
5.1. Indigenous people have historically fought to claim their ancestral lands, but are often displaced by armed conflict, mining, and extractive projects. The lack of effective protection of their territories has generated tensions and forced displacements, affecting their way of life.
6. Preservation of their culture and languages
6.1. The cultural diversity of indigenous peoples is one of Colombia's most valuable treasures. However, many languages are in danger of extinction, and efforts to preserve them must be more forceful. Despite the challenges, communities continue to resist and seek ways to preserve their customs, crafts, and traditional ways of life.
