1. Localization factors : A strategic space for production
1.1. A strategic area for production
1.1.1. Shenzhen is a city in southeastern China, located in Guangdong Province. It borders Hong Kong to the south
1.1.2. Proximity to the capital hong-kong, a major source of trade and production
1.1.2.1. Localisation
1.1.2.1.1. A dynamic zone
1.1.2.2. Hong kong border benefits
1.1.2.3. A simple transport network
1.1.2.3.1. Access to international markets
1.1.3. Coastal location, easy access to the megalopolis
1.1.3.1. In the Pearl River Delta megacity
1.1.3.1.1. The Pearl River
1.1.3.1.2. An easy communication
1.1.3.2. A favorable climate for production
1.1.3.2.1. A continuous industrial activity
1.2. Special economic zone
1.2.1. Economic growth
1.2.1.1. has averaged 26%
1.2.1.2. official creation in Aug 1980 by Deng Xiaoping
1.2.1.2.1. SEZ covered the entire city in 2010
1.2.2. Modern history
1.2.2.1. 10 million habitants less than 35 years
1.2.2.2. New economics reforms
1.2.3. Adventages for companies and investors
1.2.3.1. tax breaks
1.2.3.2. simplified procedures
1.2.3.3. abundant skill labours
1.2.3.4. modern infrastructure
1.2.3.5. foreign investment
1.3. Maritime facade
1.3.1. A seafront at the heart of world trade
1.3.1.1. 260KM coastline
1.3.1.2. rank 3° worldwide for port traffic
1.3.1.3. the port of Shekou
1.3.1.4. infrastructures
1.3.1.4.1. shipping companies
1.3.1.4.2. container lines
1.3.1.4.3. monthly ship calls
1.3.1.4.4. transfer lines
1.3.1.4.5. important fishing area
1.3.1.5. China's most dynamic coastline
1.3.1.5.1. Singapore , Busan , Rotterdam Hamburg , Los Angeles
1.3.1.6. connects to international shipping routes
1.3.1.6.1. Asia ,Europe and America
1.3.2. Between economic development and environmental challenges
1.3.2.1. major industrial centre
1.3.3. major seafront
1.3.3.1. key role in globalization
1.3.3.2. ports and economic dynamism
1.3.3.2.1. driver of chinese maritime trade
1.3.4. ports + industry + strategic position
1.3.4.1. essantial economic centre
1.3.5. environmental challenges
1.3.5.1. rising water + marine pollution
1.3.5.1.1. coastline and port infrastructure in danger
1.3.5.2. engaged to protect coastal and maritim areas
1.4. Demography and evolution
1.4.1. attractiveness
1.4.1.1. comfortable city
1.4.1.1.1. bus network : 100% electric
1.4.1.1.2. lot of taxis
1.4.1.2. excellent living conditions
1.4.1.2.1. good health system, many leisure activities
1.4.1.2.2. Shenzhen is served and affordable
1.4.1.3. good access to professional world
1.4.1.3.1. 442 training bases (schools and courses)
1.4.1.3.2. cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao to train high skilled workers
1.4.1.4. program to keep these high skilled workers
1.4.1.4.1. special treatment
1.4.2. evolution of demography
1.4.2.1. before 1980
1.4.2.1.1. small fishing village with a population of around 13,000 people
1.4.2.2. 1980
1.4.2.2.1. designated as China's first Special Economic Zone
1.4.2.3. Shenzhen is now the 6th most populous city in China
1.4.3. Population type : young and talented workers
1.4.3.1. top 10 of the most chosen cities by expatriates in China
1.4.3.1.1. receives Brain Drain from the rest of the world
1.4.3.2. in 2020 : age city average 32.5 yo
1.4.3.2.1. under the national average of 38.8
1.4.3.3. in 2025 : 30% of shenzhen workers should be qualified
1.4.3.3.1. among them : 40% considered "very skilled"
2. Shenzhen: a world-class technological production hub
2.1. Shenzhen a town that radiates by its activities
2.1.1. Industries
2.1.1.1. High-Tech Industry and Innovation
2.1.1.1.1. Electronics Manufacturing
2.1.1.1.2. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
2.1.1.1.3. 5G and Telecommunications
2.1.1.1.4. Semiconductors and Hardware
2.1.1.1.5. Startups and Innovation Hubs
2.1.1.1.6. State level high tech zones
2.1.1.2. Manufacturing and Industrial Powerhouse
2.1.1.2.1. Electronics and Smart Devices
2.1.1.2.2. Automobile Industry
2.1.1.2.3. Drones and Automation
2.1.2. Services
2.1.2.1. Tourism, Culture, and Leisure
2.1.2.1.1. Theme Parks and Attractions
2.1.2.1.2. Luxury Shopping and Lifestyle
2.1.2.1.3. Cultural and Creative Industries
2.1.2.2. Research, Education, and Talent Attraction
2.1.2.2.1. World-Class Universities
2.1.2.2.2. Tech Incubators and R&D Centers
2.1.2.3. Digital and Internet Services
2.1.2.3.1. Social Media and Gaming
2.1.2.3.2. Cloud Computing and AI
2.1.2.4. Financial Services and Economic Power
2.1.2.4.1. Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE)
2.1.2.4.2. Fintech and Digital Banking
2.1.2.4.3. Venture Capital and Investment
2.2. Shenzhen influence and its competitiveness in a global level
2.2.1. Shenzhen’s influence worldwide
2.2.1.1. High tech
2.2.1.1.1. Shenzhen products are in every home
2.2.1.1.2. many companies in the high tech field
2.2.1.1.3. A smart city
2.2.1.2. An example of influence in Italy
2.2.1.2.1. the 20th edition of ICIF and Shenzhen Design Week
2.2.1.3. Proximity to Metropolises
2.2.1.3.1. Close to Hong Kong, enhancing access to international markets and capital.
2.2.1.4. Trade and Logistics Hub
2.2.1.4.1. Shenzhen port: 4th largest globally
2.2.1.4.2. E-commerce
2.2.1.4.3. Supply Chain and Logistics
2.2.1.5. An exemple for others countries
2.2.1.5.1. first city in the world to have fully electrified
2.2.1.6. Attractivness for foreigners
2.2.1.6.1. ~7 000 foreigners living permanently
2.2.1.7. China's plan to establish many zone for foreign idustries at Shenzhen
2.2.1.7.1. Samsung
2.2.1.7.2. ARM
2.2.1.7.3. Airbus
2.2.2. Shenzhen’s competitiveness with rest of the world
2.2.2.1. more prestigious than the silicon valley
2.2.2.1.1. more invention certificates
2.2.2.1.2. more patents delivered since 2018
2.2.2.2. Port and Supply Chain Power
2.2.2.2.1. Yantian Port -> massive global exports
2.2.2.3. Global Competitiveness Against Other Metropolises
2.2.2.3.1. Silicon Valley (USA):
2.2.2.3.2. Seoul (South Korea)
2.2.2.3.3. Tokyo (Japan)
2.2.2.3.4. Singapore
2.2.2.4. more performant than Europe
2.2.2.4.1. ideas quickers because 300 components cell phone in a radius of 1 Km
3. Challenges for Shenzhen: towards a sustainable and resilient city
3.1. The Problems:
3.1.1. Ecological issues
3.1.1.1. Rare earth metals
3.1.1.2. Problems of water
3.1.1.2.1. In top 10 cities hit by floods
3.1.1.2.2. "Winter desert"
3.1.1.3. Industrialization
3.1.1.3.1. lack of laws
3.1.1.4. Digital issues
3.1.1.4.1. Digital aspect linked to the ecological aspect: digital development needs a huge quantity of energy
3.1.1.4.2. Artificial intelligence race
3.1.1.4.3. PIPL (Personal Information Protection Law)
3.1.1.4.4. Innovation + security
3.1.1.4.5. Shenzhen: leader in electronic fabrication, but it still depends of foreign semiconductors, from the USA and Taiwan.
3.1.1.4.6. Digital companies are emerging in China, making a lot of competition
3.1.1.4.7. Shenzhen has to create safety and sustainability
3.1.2. Social inequalities
3.1.2.1. Hukou system
3.1.2.1.1. Lack of public services access
3.1.2.2. Migrants mistreated
3.1.2.2.1. Low-skilled employment
3.1.2.3. Unequal acess to accommodation
3.1.2.3.1. High prices
3.1.2.3.2. Slums
3.1.2.4. Deviations between wealthy and poor
3.1.2.4.1. Concentration of wealth
3.1.2.4.2. Educative disparity
3.1.2.5. Urban sprawl
3.1.2.5.1. poor people living suburbs
3.2. The Solutions:
3.2.1. Ecological solutions
3.2.1.1. Electrification of transports
3.2.1.1.1. 25% of the city's automobile field and all of the public puses are electric => 850 electric cabs & over 6000 buses
3.2.1.1.2. 24 680 electric charging station
3.2.1.2. Carbon emission trading market
3.2.1.2.1. Over 838 businesses also 40% of the city's greenhouse gas emotion
3.2.1.3. Maintain of green spaces
3.2.1.3.1. National park sustain the original mangrove forest
3.2.1.4. Circular economy
3.2.1.4.1. Making -> using -> recycling
3.2.1.5. Partnership with city's businesses
3.2.1.6. Sponge City
3.2.1.6.1. Urban development model
3.2.1.6.2. 1,361 projects ; 276 km2 ; 28.3%
3.2.1.6.3. Benefits
3.2.1.6.4. Challenges
3.2.1.7. Digital solutions
3.2.1.7.1. High tech industry developpement
3.2.1.7.2. Innovation found for startups
3.2.1.7.3. Global City Competitiveness Index: Shenzhen is ranked seventh overall, first in China.
3.2.1.7.4. High-tech products accounted for more than 50% of Shenzhen’s exports
3.2.1.7.5. 14 Billion dollar fund for startup companies in shenzhen
3.2.2. Solutions to social inequalities
3.2.2.1. Accessibility to public services
3.2.2.1.1. Improving the public transit conditions
3.2.2.2. Enhanced education
3.2.2.2.1. Enhanced social security
3.2.2.2.2. Improved workforce skills
3.2.2.3. Urban villages
3.2.2.3.1. Local collective memory
3.2.2.3.2. economic center
3.2.2.3.3. Urban renewal
3.2.2.4. Social services reforms
3.2.2.4.1. Healthcare reforms
3.2.2.4.2. Affordable housing