1. 2. The Death of King Solomon Brings Tension Between the South and the North
1.1. During Solomon's reign Southern Israelites, Exodus Jews, develop tension and had internal conflicts between the Northern Israelites, because they still hold onto polytheistic views.
1.2. After Solomon dies tension between Hebrews and Jews become stronger and they split into two rival kingdoms.
1.2.1. Israel becomes northern Kingdom (Hebrews)
1.2.2. Judea becomes Southern kingdom, with Jerusalem (Exodus ‘Jews’)
1.3. After the last king dies the Exodus Jews and the Hebrews, have so much tension that they split, but the Hebrews will follow the Jews later after an attack by the Assyrians.
2. 1. Kings of the Empire: The returning Jews joined with the Hebrews, the ones who never left Egypt, to conquer the natives in Canaan and many others, bound only together by their belief in God and their kings.
2.1. First defeating the Amorites, native to Canaan, they had a new much bigger threat the Philistines, so they decided that they needed a singer ruler to help defeat them, King Saul.
2.2. Saul (1020-1000 BC) fought the Philistines to gain control over Canaan.
2.2.1. He defeated the Philistines and various other tribes
2.3. After King Saul had committed suicide, he was replaced by King David (1000-962 BC)
2.3.1. Conquered Jerusalem - made it the capital
2.3.2. He had help to keep Canaan theirs
2.4. Solomon, son of David, became the last king
2.4.1. Solomon builds Temple in Jerusalem - symbolizes end of henothiesn, now no longer nomadic and are monotheistic.
3. 5. After the invasions, Monotheism fought for survival as pagan cultures continue to occupy Judah. Judah remained an independent monotheistic state, until they taken over by the Seleucids, or the Greeks (by Alexander the Great).
3.1. Now under Greek control, Seleucid King Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempts to forbid practice of Judaism and tires to turn temples into pagan temple dedicated to Zeus
3.1.1. The Jews revolted, in the effort to protect their religion, in the Maccabean Revolt in 167 BC
3.2. After the Greek occupation, Judah fell under the occupation of the Romans
3.2.1. The hope for the arrival of the messiah still remained
3.2.2. When Judah was conquered by Roman Consul Pompey, Jews at first are allowed to worship their God
3.2.3. King Herod took control and several pagan temples and things were made, as well as a wall for the Temple of Jerusalem
3.2.3.1. He helps re-model the Temple of Jerusalem and supported the Jews but after death there are problems
3.2.3.2. After death kingdom split in 3 (each of his sons) but son who looked over Jews was bad so removed by Rome and replaced by a Roman Governor
3.3. Much conflict because of Roman oppression and their pagan gods so revolution would begin
3.3.1. Zealots would try and overthrow Roman rule
3.3.2. The Temple would be destroyed again in 70 AD
4. 6. Paul brings the idea of a universal God to the Greeks allowing for this monotheistic religion to survive
5. 3. Assyrian Invasion
5.1. The Assyrian attack against the Hebrews of Israel in the North. (722 BC) The Assyrians invade Israel and as a result the Diaspora begins (Spreading of the Hebrews)
5.1.1. Ten Lost Tribes of Israel
5.1.2. They are being kicked out, displaced, and relocated
5.2. Hebrews begin to wonder why is this happening to us?
5.2.1. God of the Jews is punishing them or being polytheistic/pagan
5.2.2. Become monotheistic - scared of God
6. 4. Babylonian Invasion
6.1. Two centuries later in 587 BC, the Babylonians attack Judea (the monotheistic Jews) and put them through a Diaspora- start asking why being attacked.
6.2. Ask why being punished if already monotheistic - come up with conclusion must convert others
6.2.1. spread out to convert God as their only god
6.3. All of the Jews have shifted to monotheism and established that God is the universal God (only one)
6.3.1. Marks complete shift from polytheism to monotheism