1. UNIVERSALISM VS. PARTICULARISM
1.1. What is more important - rules or relationships?
1.2. Universalism
1.2.1. High importance is placed on laws, rules, values and obligations
1.2.2. People deal with others based on these rules, but rules come before relationships
1.2.3. EXAMPLES: The USA, Canada, the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia, etc.
1.3. Particularism
1.3.1. Each circumstance, and each relationship, dictates the rules that people live by
1.3.2. People`s response to the situation may change basing on what is happening in the moment and who is involved
1.3.3. EXAMPLES: Russia, Latin America, China, etc.
2. NEUTRAL VS. EMOTIONAL
2.1. Are we to display our emotions?
2.2. Neutral
2.2.1. People control their emotions, they do not reveal what they are thinking or how they are feeling
2.2.2. EXAMPLES: The UK, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, Finland, etc.
2.3. Emotional
2.3.1. It`s welcome and accepted to show emotions even spontaneously and even at work
2.3.2. EXAMPLES: Russia, Poland, Italy, France, Spain, Latin America, etc.
3. ACHIEVEMENT VS. ASCRIPTION
3.1. Do we have to prove ourselves to receive status or is it declarative/given to us?
3.2. Achievement
3.2.1. People ARE what they DO, i.e. people value your performance no matter WHAT you are
3.2.2. EXAMPLES: The USA, Australia, Scandinavia, Canada, etc.
3.3. Ascription
3.3.1. People should be valued for WHAT they are
3.3.2. Social role (i.e. power, title, position, etc.) matters, and this role defines personal and group behaviour
3.3.3. EXAMPLES: The UK, Russia, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, Saudi Arabia, etc.
4. INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL CONTROL
4.1. Do we control our environment or are we controlled by it?
4.2. Internal Control
4.2.1. People believe that they can control nature
4.2.2. Environment is for the achievement of people`s goals
4.2.3. This also includes how people work with teams and within organizations
4.2.4. EXAMPLES: The USA, the UK, Australia, Israel, etc.
4.3. External Control
4.3.1. People believe that nature and the environment control them
4.3.2. People must work with and through the environment to achieve their goals
4.3.3. EXAMPLES: China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, etc.
5. INDIVIDUALISM VS. COLLECTIVISM (COMMUNITARIANISM)
5.1. Do we function in a group or as individuals?
5.2. Individualism
5.2.1. Personal freedom and achievement
5.2.2. People believe that they make their own decisions
5.2.3. People believe that they must take care of themselves
5.2.4. EXAMPLES: The USA, Canada, the UK, Australia, Scandinavia, etc.
5.3. Collectivism
5.3.1. Group is more important than an/the individual
5.3.2. The group provides help and safety in exchange for loyalty
5.3.3. EXAMPLES: Latin America, Africa, Russia, Japan, etc.
6. SPECIFIC VS. DIFFUSE
6.1. Are we to separate our private lives and business?
6.2. Specific
6.2.1. People keep work and personal lives separate
6.2.2. Relationships do not have much impact on work objectives/achievement
6.2.3. People can work together without having good relationship
6.2.4. EXAMPLES: The USA, the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia, etc.
6.3. Diffuse
6.3.1. Good relationships are vital to meeting business objectives/relationships with others will be the same, whether they are at work or going social
6.3.2. People spend time with colleagues and clients outside work hours
6.3.3. EXAMPLES: Argentina, Spain, Russia, India, China, etc.
7. SEQUENTIAL VS. SYNCHRONIC
7.1. Do we do things one at a time, or several things at once?
7.2. Sequential
7.2.1. High value is placed on punctuality
7.2.2. Planning and sticking to plans are vital
7.2.3. Time is money
7.2.4. EXAMPLES: Japan, Canada, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, the USA, Germany, etc.
7.3. Synchronic
7.3.1. People pften work on several projects at a time
7.3.2. Plans and commitments are flexible
7.3.3. EXAMPLES: China, Russia, Mexico, etc.