1. IMPORTANT In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action. Examples: • Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM. • Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. I STARTED EARLIER; AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER
2. Examples: • I was studying while he was making dinner. • While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television. • Were you listening while he was talking? • I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes. • What were you doing while you were waiting? • Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either. • They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.
3. USE 4 Atmosphere In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past. Example: • When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.
4. • When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.
5. USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always" The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing." Examples: • She was always coming to class late. • He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone. • I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
6. While vs. When Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence. Examples: • I was studying when she called. • While I was studying, she called.
7. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples: • You were just studying when she called. • Were you just studying when she called?
8. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: • The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. ACTIVE • The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. PASSIVE
9. Complete List of Past Continuous Forms USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
10. Examples: • Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. I STARTED EATING AT 6 PM. • Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. I STARTED EARLIER; AND AT 6 PM, I WAS IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER. USE 3 Parallel Actions
11. Examples: • I was studying while he was making dinner. • While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television. • Were you listening while he was talking? • I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes. • What were you doing while you were waiting? • Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either. • They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time
12. USE 4 Atmosphere In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
13. USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always" The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."
14. Examples: • She was always coming to class late. • He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone. • I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
15. While vs. When Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.
16. Examples: • I was studying when she called. • While I was studying, she called.
17. ADVERB PLACEMENT The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
18. ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: • The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. ACTIVE • The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. PASSIVE More About Active / Passive Forms
19. EXERCISES AND RELATED TOPICS • Verb Tense Exercise 3 Simple Past and Past Continuous • Verb Tense Exercise 4 Simple Past and Past Continuous • Verb Tense Exercise 16 Present and Past Tenses with Non-Continuous Verbs • Verb Tense Exercise 17 Present and Past Tense Review • Verb Tense Practice Test Cumulative Verb Tense Review • Verb Tense Final Test Cumulative Verb Tense Review
20. Examples: • You were just studying when she called. • Were you just studying when she called?
21. REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.
22. FORM [was/were + present participle]
23. Examples: • I was watching TV when she called. • When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. • While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. • What were you doing when the earthquake started? • I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm. • You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off. • While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. • Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane. • While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off. • A: What were you doing when you broke your leg? B: I was snowboarding.
24. REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past. Examples: • Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct • Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct
25. FORM [was/were + present participle]
26. Complete List of Past Continuous Forms USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
27. USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.
28. Examples: • Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. • At midnight, we were still driving through the desert. • Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
29. IMPORTANT In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.
30. USE 3 Parallel Actions When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.
31. Example: • When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.
32. Examples: • Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct • Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct
33. Examples: • You were studying when she called. • Were you studying when she called? • You were not studying when she called.
