How has bullying and bullies effected the present and future of American society.por James Boyd
1. What are the effects of bullying in adults
1.1. Both bullies and victims of bullying are at risk for psychiatric problems in childhood, but it is unclear if this elevated risk extends into early adulthood.
1.2. After controlling for childhood psychiatric problems or family hardships, we found that victims continued to have a higher prevalence of agoraphobia, generalized anxiety, and panic disorder and that bullies/victims were at increased risk of young adult depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and suicidality.
1.3. Being bullied by peers in childhood had generally worse long-term adverse effects on young adults' mental health. These effects were not explained by poly-victimisation. The findings have important implications for public health planning and service development for dealing with peer bullying.
2. Effects of being a bully in adults
2.1. Bullies were at risk for antisocial personality disorder only.
3. What are the effects on bullying in teen males
3.1. Male teens are more likely to be bullied than females and are less likely to report being bullied or their mental health issues
3.2. Male teens are at a higher risk for suicide, depression, and self harm than female teens
4. Effects of bullying on teen females
5. Effects of being a teen bully in both sexes
6. Effects of bullying in LGBTQ+ teens
6.1. LGBT youth scored significantly higher on the scale of depressive symptomatology. They were also more likely than heterosexual, non-transgendered youth to report suicidal ideation (30% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001) and self-harm (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001).
6.2. Mediation analyses showed that perceived discrimination accounted for increased depressive symptomatology among LGBT males and females, and accounted for an elevated risk of self-harm and suicidal ideation among LGBT males. Perceived discrimination is a likely contributor to emotional distress among LGBT youth.
7. Effects of Cyberbullying
8. What are the effects of being bully/victim
8.1. Victims and bullies/victims had elevated rates of young adult psychiatric disorders, but also elevated rates of childhood psychiatric disorders and family hardships.
8.2. Bullies/victims were at increased risk of young adult depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and suicidality.
9. Effects of school staff bullying/not stopping harassment
