1. The Media
1.1. Moral panic
1.1.1. Cohen: Mods and Rockers
1.1.1.1. Symbolisation of crime established
1.1.1.2. Misinterpretation of real events
1.2. Deviancy amplification spiral
1.2.1. Chibnall 8 imperatives
1.2.1.1. Media framing
1.2.1.2. Shapes reactions
1.3. News values / worthiness
1.3.1. Jewkes: victim focusing
1.3.2. Greer: crime stories become media events
2. Crimes of the Powerful
2.1. Power to label is not equally distributed
2.1.1. Downward glaze of the poor
2.1.2. The state and large corporations
2.1.2.1. Private or public institution?
3. Criminal Statistics
3.1. Police recorded crime
3.1.1. Officer discretion/ incentives to meet targets
3.1.1.1. Institutional racism?
3.2. Crime Survey England and Wales
3.2.1. Household experiences of crime
3.2.1.1. 75% response rate
3.2.2. Neglects certain groups
3.2.2.1. Beyond 30 crimes = not counted
3.3. Hindrance?
3.3.1. Don't help us understand behaviour
3.3.1.1. Not valid, socially desirable
3.3.1.1.1. Focuses on those convicted, black figure?
4. What is this concept 'crime'?
4.1. Definition
4.1.1. Constant source of social concern/anxiety
4.1.1.1. Newsworthy item
4.1.1.1.1. Simply breaks the law
4.1.2. Criticisms?
4.1.2.1. Assumes law applies equally to all
4.1.2.1.1. Only caught = criminal
4.1.3. Social construct
4.1.3.1. Becker:
4.1.3.1.1. "consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an offender"
4.2. Criminalization
4.2.1. Scapegoating to play up violence
4.2.2. Diverting attention from politics and economics
4.2.2.1. Box: Ideological Mystification