Single mother with low income in Tung Chung

1. Adjustment of parent-child relationship

2. Roles

2.1. Main breadwinner

2.2. Dominant caregiver

2.3. Home-educator

2.4. Sole decision maker

3. Forms of overload

3.1. Responsibility overload

3.2. Task overload

3.3. Emotional overload

4. Stress

4.1. Pragmatic Issue

4.1.1. Residences, Finance, Home, Employment, Household chores,

4.2. Interpersonal issue

4.2.1. Increase in demand at family

4.2.1.1. Change in social life

4.3. Family issue

5. Needs

5.1. Instrumental

5.2. psychological

6. Support groups

7. Demands/Challenges

7.1. Childcare burden

7.1.1. Physical

7.1.2. Educational

7.1.3. Medical

7.1.4. Emotional

7.2. Parenting difficulties

7.2.1. Insufficient support in child discipline

7.3. Increased household chores

7.3.1. Home maintainence & management

7.3.2. Increase in domestic task

7.4. Financial burden

7.4.1. Poverty & low income

7.5. Social stigma

7.5.1. Less prestige & respect from community

7.5.1.1. viewed as deviant family

8. Consequences

8.1. Poor parenting practices

8.1.1. Stress in parent-child interactions

8.1.2. Poor parent-child relationship

8.2. Restricted social life

8.2.1. Intense feeling of loneliness/isolation

8.3. Strong psychological strains

8.3.1. Negative self-concepts/low self-esteem

8.3.1.1. High level of chronic emotional problems

8.3.1.1.1. Anxiety

8.3.1.1.2. Depression