Surface Anatomy- examines the shapes and markings of the surface of the body.

1. The Thoracic Region

1.1. Anterior view • Bone areas • Clavicle • Jugular notch • Acromion • Manubrium • Body of sternum • Xiphoid process • Costal margin of ribs

1.2. Anterior view Muscle areas • Pectoralis major muscle Other areas • Areola and nipple • Axilla

1.3. Posterior view Bone areas • Vertebra (C7) • Spine of scapula • Vertebral border of scapula • Inferior angle of scapula

1.4. Posterior view Muscle areas • Infraspinatus • Trapezius • Latissimus dorsi • Teres major Other areas • Furrow over spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

2. The Pelvis and Gluteal Region

2.1. Muscle area • Gluteus maximus • Gluteus medius Other areas • Location of sciatic nerve • Gluteal fold (fold of buttock) • Gluteal injection site

2.2. The Pelvis and Lower Limb • Bone areas • Greater trochanter of femur • Patella

3. The Head Region

3.1. Bone Areas • Supraorbital margin • Mental protuberance • Body of the mandible • Zygomatic bone • Angle of the mandible • Mastoid process

4. The Knee Region

4.1. The Knee Region • Patella • Patellar ligament • Popliteal fossa • Site for palpation of popliteal artery Tendons of: • Biceps femoris • Semitendinosus

5. The Lower Limbs Region

5.1. Anterior view Bone area • Tibial tuberosity • Anterior border of tibia • Medial malleolus • Lateral malleolus Muscle area • Tibialis anterior • Fibularis longus

5.2. Posterior view Bone area • Calcaneus Muscle area • Gastrocnemius • Soleus

6. The Abdomen Region

6.1. Anterior view Muscle areas • Rectus abdominis • Serratus anterior • External oblique Other areas • Umbilicus • Tendinous inscriptions

6.2. Posterior view Muscle areas • Latissimus dorsi • Erector spinae

7. The Upper Limbs Region

7.1. Upper Limbs: Arms Bone areas • Lateral epicondyle • Medial epicondyle Upper Limbs: Arms Muscle areas • Deltoid • Triceps brachii • Biceps brachii • Brachialis • Coracobrachialis muscle

7.2. Upper Limbs: Forearm Bone areas • Olecranon • Styloid process of radius • Head of ulna Upper Limbs: Forearm Muscle areas Anterior view • Brachioradialis • Flexor carpi radialis muscle • Pronator teres muscle • Tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle • Tendon of the palmaris longus muscle • Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle • Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

7.3. Upper Limbs: Forearm Muscle areas Posterior view • Brachioradialis • Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis) • Anconeus • Extensor digitorum

7.4. Upper Limbs: Arm and Forearm Other areas • Cephalic vein • Basilic vein • Median cubital vein • Cubital fossa • Site for radial pulse • Site for palpation of ulnar nerve

7.5. Upper Limbs: Arm and Forearm • Wrist area • Pisiform bone • Head of ulna • Site for radial pulse palpation

8. The Neck Region

8.1. Bone areas • Clavicle • Suprasternal notch • Manubrium

8.2. • Muscle areas • Trapezius • Sternocleidomastoid

8.3. Other areas • Thyroid cartilage • Cricoid cartilage

8.4. Neck Triangles • Anterior cervical triangle • Posterior cervical triangle • Triangles are separated by the sternocleidomastoid muscle

8.5. Anterior Cervical Triangle • Subdivided into: • Suprahyoid triangle • Submandibular triangle • Superior carotid triangle • Inferior carotid triangle

8.6. Anterior Cervical Triangle • Sites for the palpation of the following: • Submandibular gland • Submandibular lymph nodes • Thyroid cartilage • Jugular notch • Carotid pulse

8.7. Posterior Cervical Triangle • Brachial plexus • Acromion • External jugular vein